“…Background: While there is good evidence that reward learning is underpinned by two distinct decision control systems – a cognitive ‘model-based’ and a habitbased ‘model-free’ system, a comparable distinction for punishment avoidance has been much less clear. …”
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“…Surface free energy (SFE) plays an important role in microfluidic device operation. …”
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“…Here, we provide a simple method to perform correction-free force calibration for high-throughput magnetic tweezers at low image acquisition frequency (f(ac)). …”
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“…Their sensing mechanisms and sensor performances, as well as real biomarkers for label-free detection, are exhibited and compared. We also review the development of chip-level integration for lab-on-a-chip photonic sensing platforms, which consist of the optical sensing device, flow delivery system, optical input and readout equipment. …”
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“…In recent years, Thorpe analysis has been used to retrieve the characteristics of turbulence in free atmosphere from balloon-borne sensor data. However, previous studies have mainly focused on the mid-high latitude region, and this method is still rarely applied at heights above 30 km, especially above 35 km. …”
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“…Evidence of the availability, cost, and nutritional adequacy of gluten-free (GF) bread and pasta products is limited. GF flours are exempt from UK legislation that requires micronutrient fortification of white wheat flour. …”
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“…Celiac disease (CD) can only be treated by rigorous life-long gluten-free diet (GFD). The study included 102 mothers and their CD children treated with GFD for at least two years. …”
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“…Highly reactive arynes activate the N–C and C=O bonds of amide groups under transition metal-free conditions. This review highlights the insertion of arynes into the N–C and C=O bonds of the amide group. …”
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“…The LLZTO with three-dimensional ion channels can act as a redistributor to regulate the movement of Li ions, delivering a uniform Li ion distribution for dendrite-free Li deposition. The standard deviation of ion concentration beneath the LLZTO composite separator is 13 times less than that beneath the routine PP separator. …”
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“…Here we introduce decomposition methods to directly extract and classify the latent global dynamics of nonlinear dynamical systems in an equation-free manner, even including complex interaction in few data dimensions. …”
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“…We then asked whether recorded neuronal responses were consistent with variational message passing based upon free energy minimisation (i.e., evidence maximisation). …”
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“…Polymaleimide (PMAI) was synthesized by reacting polymaleic anhydride (PMA) with urea via a solvent-free reaction at 180 °C. The conversion of PMA could reach 95%. …”
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“…Interestingly, animal studies and a human study have demonstrated that a gluten-free (GF) diet during pregnancy reduces the risk of T1D. …”
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“…The gluten-free diet is the only effective treatment available for celiac disease. …”
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“…Titanium complexes have been widely used as catalysts for C-C bond-forming processes via free-radical routes. Herein we provide an overview of some of the most significant contributions in the field, that covers the last decade, emphasizing the key role played by titanium salts in the promotion of selective reactions aimed at the synthesis of multifunctional organic compounds, including nucleophilic radical additions to imines, pinacol and coupling reactions, ring opening of epoxides and living polymerization.…”
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“…As part of our ongoing research on antioxidant agents from Brazilian flora, we screened the free radical scavenging activity of two extracts and eight fractions of Kielmeyera variabilis (Clusiaceae) using DPPH(•) (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-hydrate) and ABTS(•+) [2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylenebenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] colorimetric assays. …”
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“…Free fatty acids and monoglycerides have long been known to possess broad-spectrum antibacterial activity that is based on lytic behavior against bacterial cell membranes. …”
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