“…To assess the properties of the quark-gluon plasma formed in heavy ion collisions, correlations between the mean transverse momentum, [$p_{T}$], and the magnitude of the flow harmonics, $v_{n}$, are measured by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC.Ê The analysis uses data samples of lead-lead collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} =5.02$~TeV and proton-lead collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} =5.02$~TeV, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 22 $\mu$b$^{-1}$ and 28 nb$^{-1}$, respectively. …”
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“…Muon pairs produced the same two-photon scattering process in hadronic Pb+Pb collisions also potentially provide a sensitive probe of the quark gluon plasma. First measurements by ATLAS and STAR of dileptons produced via two-photon scattering in non-ultra-peripheral (non-UPC) nucleus-nucleus collisions showed an unexpected centrality-dependent broadening of the angular correlation between the two leptons and/or of the two-lepton pT distribution. …”
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“…The result of this early study implied that a heavy scalar boson with a mass around 270~GeV, produced through gluon fusion, could explain these anomalies with a significance of $3\sigma$, with a cross section comparable with that of a heavy Higgs boson as well as a dominant $h$-associated decay mode. …”
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“…We present a multi-stage calculation that explores the importance of differences between various heavy quark energy-loss mechanisms within a realistically expanding quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Inside the QGP, the highly virtual and very energetic portion of the shower is modeled using the MATTER generator, while the LBT generator models the energetic and close-to-on-shell heavy quarks’ showering. …”
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“…In nucleus-nucleus collisions, where a hot and dense Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) forms and collectively expands, the enhancement of baryon-to-meson ratios is predicted by theoretical models in which heavy quarks hadronize by coalescence with light quarks from the plasma. …”
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“…--HTML-->Quarkonia production in AA collisions has been the subject of vivid discussions since it was proposed as a signature of the quark-gluon plasma formed in these collisions. By now, it seems there is little doubt that both mechanisms of dynamical suppression and recombination are necessary in order to understand the most common observables, the nuclear modification factor RAA of J/Psi as well as its elliptic flow v2. …”
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“…They therefore experience the full evolution of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). This makes them unique probes of the collective behaviour of particles in the medium as it expands and cools. …”
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“…Several important measurements, including assisting in the discovery of the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), have been made in recent years thanks to the efforts of the LHC. …”
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“…One of these structures is called ``the Ridge'' and its significance is that the best current explanation for its origin comes from interactions within the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Therefore, the presence of the ridge could be an indicator of the formation of QGP in a particular system. …”
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“…The production through the main mechanism, by gluon fusion, has a cross section of about 30 fb, followed by the VBF process, which is about 20 times less likely. …”
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“…The high-precision measurements of dimuon invariant mass distributions will open the possibility to investigate the order of the phase transition from the quark-gluon plasma to the hadron gas in the interval $\mu_{\rm B}\approx 200-400$~MeV via the first measurement of the caloric curve. …”
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“…Ar+Sc may be the smallest of studied systems, in which colliding nu- cleons create not a number of isolated N+N events, but a collectively evolving fireball, with a possible formation of quark-gluon plasma at top SPS energies. Methodology Collisions of Ar+Sc were recorded in 2015 by the NA61/SHINE Collabora- tion. …”
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“…Even though ALICE was designed for the study and characterization of the quark gluon plasma, which is generated at heavy nuclei accelerators (like LHC), ALICE also takes data during pp collisions in LHC, the data taken during this period serves like a reference or the heavy ion phase, but also is used to perform analysis where ALICE is competitive with other LHC experiments. …”
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“…--HTML--><p class="MsoPlainText"><span><span>The extreme temperatures and energy densities generated in the ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions produce a state of partonic matter, the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), which behaves almost like an ideal fluid. …”
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“…A Large Ion Collider Experiment(ALICE) at the Large Hadron Collider(LHC) at CERN will undergo a major upgrade during the 2nd LHC Long Shutdown(LS2) scheduled in 2019~2021 that will allow to study in detail of strong interaction matter Quark-Gluon Plasma(QGP) properties. To collecting more Pb-Pb events during the Run 3 and Run 4, the replacement of the existing Inner Tracking System(ITS) with a completely new ultra-light high resolution detector based on Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors(MAPS) technique is one of the cornerstones within this upgrade program. …”
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“…The ALICE collaboration presents the first direct observation of the QCD dead cone in the gluon radiation pattern from charm quarks generated in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV, using novel iter- ative declustering techniques to reconstruct the charm shower. …”
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“…Cross section measurements are presented for the total cross section, for the gluon fusion and vector boson fusion production modes, for Higgs boson production in association with a vector boson or a pair of top quarks, and for nine fiducial regions of phase space in the Simplified Template Cross Section framework. …”
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“…Ultrarelativistic collisions of large nuclei are understood to produce droplets of quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a deconfined phase of QCD matter that exists at high temperatures $\gtrsim 155$ MeV. …”
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“…Owing to its largest quark- to gluon- induced production ratio among other diboson combinations, the process was also the first target of the ATLAS vector boson scattering program, with evidence made in 2014 and observation in 2019. …”
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