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  1. 2441
    “…Allopurinol is the most popular commercially available xanthine oxidase inhibitor and it is widely used for treatment of symptomatic hyperuricaemia, or gout. Although, several anti-inflammatory actions of allopurinol have been demonstrated in vivo and in vitro, there have been few studies on the action of allopurinol on T cells. …”
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    Allopurinol reduces antigen-specific and polyclonal activation of human T cells
  2. 2442
    “…An 18-year-old male presented with gout, hyperuricemia, and stage 3 chronic kidney disease. …”
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    A Japanese Family Suffering from Familial Juvenile Hyperuricemic Nephropathy due to a Rare Mutation of the Uromodulin Gene
  3. 2443
    “…Colchicine is an active alkaloid that is commonly used for treatment of multiple diseases including gout, primary biliary cirrhosis and familial Mediterranean fever. …”
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    Massive Colchicine Overdose with Recovery
  4. 2444
    “…Uric acid precipitates are highly inflammatory molecules that are considered a danger signal for innate immunity and are the causative agent in gout. We determined that P. falciparum-derived uric acid precipitates induce maturation of human dendritic cells, increasing the expression of cell surface co-stimulatory molecules such as CD80 and CD86, while decreasing human leukocyte antigen-DR expression. …”
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    Plasmodium falciparum-Derived Uric Acid Precipitates Induce Maturation of Dendritic Cells
  5. 2445
    “…Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) consistently showed that several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the solute carrier family 2 member 9 gene (SLC2A9 ) were associated with plasma urate concentration and the risk of gout. METHODS: We conducted a case–control study to examine twelve tag SNPs of the SLC2A9 gene in relation to PD among 788 cases and 911 controls of European ancestry. …”
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    Short communication: genetic variations of SLC2A9 in relation to Parkinson’s disease
  6. 2446
    “…Concordantly, recent studies have revived the controversy over the role of circulating uric acid, hyperuricemia, and gout as an independent prognostic factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. …”
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    Chronic Hyperuricemia, Uric Acid Deposit and Cardiovascular Risk
  7. 2447
    “…It is mainly used for the treatment of hyperuricemia in patients with gout or tumor lysis syndrome. Experience with allopurinol in pregnancy is scarce. …”
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    Allopurinol Use during Pregnancy - Outcome of 31 Prospectively Ascertained Cases and a Phenotype Possibly Indicative for Teratogenicity
  8. 2448
    “…Benzbromarone, a known anti-gout agent, was previously identified as an inhibitor of EYA with anti-angiogenic properties. …”
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    Structure-Activity Relationships of Benzbromarone Metabolites and Derivatives as EYA Inhibitory Anti-Angiogenic Agents
  9. 2449
    “…Anti-interleukine-1 (IL-1) treatment could provide similar results in CPPD than in gout flares. There is only limited evidence about the efficacy of preventive long-term colchicine intake, methotrexate, and hydroxychloroquine in chronic CPPD. …”
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    Treatment of Nongout Joint Deposition Diseases: An Update
  10. 2450
    “…Crystal compounds in silicosis and gout also activate ROS. In diabetes, inhibition of autophagy with resultant accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria leads to enhanced ROS production activating inflammasomes. …”
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    Reactive oxygen species at the crossroads of inflammasome and inflammation
  11. 2451
    por Krishnan, Eswar
    Publicado 2014
    “…Those who met the criteria for metabolic syndrome, had self‐reported gout, or were <20 years old were excluded. For each 1‐SD increase in serum urate, the serum CRP concentration was 20% higher in unadjusted linear regression models and 13% higher in multivariable linear regression models, after accounting for the effects of age, sex, race, socioeconomic and educational strata, renal function, lipids, smoking, and body mass index. …”
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    Interaction of Inflammation, Hyperuricemia, and the Prevalence of Hypertension Among Adults Free of Metabolic Syndrome: NHANES 2009–2010
  12. 2452
    “…NLR studies have recently begun to unveil the roles of NLRs in diseases such as gout, cryopyrin-associated periodic fever syndromes, and Crohn's disease. …”
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    NOD-Like Receptors in Infection, Immunity, and Diseases
  13. 2453
    por Sayma, Meelad, Williams, Hywel Rhys
    Publicado 2016
    “…RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A model core clinical case developed in this project is described, with gout as the basis for a “foot and ankle” examination. …”
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    A new method for teaching physical examination to junior medical students
  14. 2454
    “…Diagnostic accuracy is enhanced by contemporaneous laboratory investigations excluding other entities such as gout and rheumatoid arthritis and other infections that typically precede reactive arthritis. …”
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    A case of reactive arthritis due to Clostridium difficile colitis
  15. 2455
    “…Allopurinol and its active metabolite, oxypurinol are widely used in the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia. They inhibit xanthine oxidase (XO) an enzyme in the purine degradation pathway that converts xanthine to uric acid. …”
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    Allopurinol and oxypurinol promote osteoblast differentiation and increase bone formation
  16. 2456
    “…The differential diagnosis should include bacterial or autoimmune arthritis, arthritis associated with gout as well as venous thrombosis and injury. The contribution of a local inflammatory reaction and abnormal bone turnover with excessive osteoclast activity might play a role in the etiopathogenesis of this disease. …”
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    Charcot arthropathy in ultrasound examination – a case report
  17. 2457
    “…Gout is caused by elevated serum urate levels, which can be treated using inhibitors of the uric acid transporter, URAT1. …”
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    Mechanism of high affinity inhibition of the human urate transporter URAT1
  18. 2458
    “…For the first time, this study provides a rational basis for the traditional use of SM aqueous extract against gout in folk medicine.…”
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    Pharmacological Basis for Use of Selaginella moellendorffii in Gouty Arthritis: Antihyperuricemic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition
  19. 2459
    “…He also suffered from dilated cardiomyopathy, and coronary heart disease, moderate sleep apnea syndrome, primary hypothyroidism, and gout. His treatment regimen was complicated which included Caltrate D and compound α-keto acid (1200 mg calcium/d). …”
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    Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia due to Impaired Renal Tubular Calcium Excretion in a Type 2 Diabetic Patient
  20. 2460
    “…Uric acid also plays important roles in primates but causes gout when present in excess in humans. Further longevity studies of long-lived organisms may provide important breakthroughs with human health applications.…”
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    Uric acid, an important antioxidant contributing to survival in termites
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