“…The economic cost of premature deaths was assessed using the Willingness to Pay approach to quantify welfare losses and the Human Capital method to estimate production losses. (PM10) concentrations are positively related to mortality due to respiratory diseases and stroke. …”
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“…The center of gravity of coupling coordination moves toward the northeast, and the standard deviation ellipse shows a contraction trend away from the southwest. (3) Agglomeration capacity, human capital, cultural development, and infrastructure can significantly drive the improvement of the coupling coordination of urban quality and technology innovation, and the two-factor influence is significantly increased after the interaction. (4) The feedback effects of the coupling and coordination states of different cities on each factor have significant spatial differences and show the characteristics of hierarchical band distribution.…”
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“…It lowers the fixed price of human capital and significant factors active long-term innovation and profit at the end of the inferential test results. …”
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“…In Beijing, four urban endowment factors, including economic development, technological innovation, human capital, and government intervention, can provide supportive conditions for business development under environmental regulatory pressure, primarily by reducing the “compliance cost” effect and enhancing the “innovation compensation” effect. …”
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“…Productivity losses were estimated at €4.1 billion with the human capital approach and €2.2 billion with the friction cost approach. …”
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“…The costs of absenteeism and presenteeism were estimated using the Human Capital approach, and the impact of including multipliers adjusting for the productivity effect of a workers’ absence or impaired presenteeism on societal productivity was demonstrated. …”
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“…METHODS: For estimating indirect costs (productivity loss), the human capital approach was applied. Data were collected from several institutes, including the Health Insurance Review Agency. …”
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“…Job satisfaction and motivation of employees and accumulation of human capital increase, absenteeism declines, the return of investment rises. …”
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“…Background: The long-term impact of early malnutrition on human capital outcomes remains unclear, and existing evidence has come largely from observational studies. …”
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“…The underdevelopment leads to decreased ‘human capital and competence’ with an inability to create food security and an enabling environment for self and family to escape poverty and undernutrition in the next generation. …”
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“…Remittances contribute much more to the income of migrant sending countries, than the cost of the additional human capital in nurse training. CONCLUSIONS: Given the shortage of nurses in Australia and New Zealand, and therefore the high demand for immigrant nurses, investment by Pacific island governments and families in nurse training constitutes a rational use of economic resources. …”
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“…Nigeria with an estimated $350 per capital annually still ranks near the bottom 158 out of 177 countries in the UN Human Capital Development Index in terms of per capita income, with more than half of the population living in poverty. …”
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“…HIV/AIDS affects the basic educational sector which is the most productive segment of the population and vital to the creation of human capital. The loss of skilled and experienced teachers due to the problem is increasingly compromising the provision of quality education in most African countries. …”
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“…The theoretical framework used for understanding research collaboration couples scientific and technical human capital embodied in the individual with the social organization and cognitive characteristics of the research field. …”
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“…These are a general layer (factors associated with management, human capital, legal infrastructure, communication infrastructure, a technical and executive infrastructures, and financial factors), industrial layer (internal industrial factors and pharmaceutical industry factors), and a third layer that included national and international aspects. …”
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“…Absenteeism and presenteeism were measured by a self-administered questionnaire for workers, and their costs were estimated using the human capital approach. Presenteeism was evaluated by the degree affected quality and quantity of work. …”
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“…Floods also affected human capital through causing injuries to members of the community. …”
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“…A societal perspective was used for this study, in which the direct costs and productivity losses of oral cancer cases in 2014 were estimated. The human capital approach was adopted for estimating productivity losses. …”
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“…In addition to life expectancy, other constituent of human capital, education proxied by schooling is also positively associated with real per capita income. …”
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“…Japan should focus on activating its human capital through the prolongation of working lives, increasing participation, and improving productivity within the Japanese labour force to mitigate and adapt to the inevitable effects of ageing populations.…”
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