“…Such efforts require addressing structural and societal barriers that hinder African American families from translating their SES resources and human capital into tangible outcomes. There is a need for studies that can minimize MDRs for African American families, so that every individual and every family can benefit from their resources regardless of their skin color. …”
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“…Direct costs were estimated using the bottom-up costing approach and indirect costs were estimated using the Human Capital (HC) approach. A generalized linear model of regression was used to explore the relation between total cost and socio-demographic variables. …”
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“…The indirect costs were estimated using human capital model approach. Multiple linear regression was used to identify the predictors for the log-transformed data. …”
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“…We formulate hypotheses about the determinants of bootstrap financing from a necessity, human capital, and opportunity cost perspective. Among others, our results show that the severity of the crisis for the venture, the level of private consumption, and self-employment experience are positively associated with an increased use of bootstrap financing measures. …”
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“…INTRODUCTION: Children’s growth status is an important measure commonly used as a proxy indicator of advancements in a country’s health, human capital and economic development. We aimed to assess the feasibility of using Super-Imposition by Translation And Rotation (SITAR) models for summarising population-based cross-sectional height-by-age data of children under 5 years across 64 countries. …”
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“…Productivity losses were included in 45 of the selected articles (73% used the human capital approach) whereas informal care costs in only 13 (when stated, the opportunity cost method was used in seven studies and the replacement cost in one). …”
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“…METHODS: We use the trajectories of age-specific human and physical capital in the production process to calculate output changes based on a human capital–augmented production function. We also calculate the total burden that results when including the value of lives lost as calculated from mortality rates of COVID-19 and estimates for the value of a statistical life in the United States based on studies assessing individual’s willingness to pay to avoid risks. …”
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“…Five decision-making metrics were summarised over 2021–22: mortality, morbidity, and losses in comorbidity-adjusted life expectancy (cLE), comorbidity- and quality-adjusted life years (cQALY), and the value of human capital (HC). Six sets of infection-blocking and disease-reducing vaccine efficacies were considered. …”
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“…Integrating changes both within and across systems and with alignment of human capital will enable EOH preparedness for future challenges.…”
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“…The absenteeism costs were calculated using the human capital approach. Finally, we applied the linear regression to assess the impact of variables on the lost productivity of absenteeism due to COVID-19 among the personnel of hospitals affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. …”
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“…The information obtained was the costs of self-medication and hospital treatment, and the payment mechanisms used to settle these costs. The human capital method approach was used to estimate the indirect cost (loss in productivity) from the caregivers’ absenteeism from work. …”
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“…Five decision-making metrics were summarised over 2021-22: mortality, morbidity, and losses in comorbidity-adjusted life expectancy, comorbidity- and quality-adjusted life years, and human capital. Six vaccine profiles were tested — the highest performing vaccine has 95% efficacy against both infection and disease, and the lowest 50% against diseases and 0% against infection. …”
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“…Clinical/Patient risks identified were COVID-19 exposure of healthcare workers and other non-COVID patients, inadvertent community exposure, risk for severe clinical manifestations of COVID-19, and lack of specific treatment for COVID-19. Risk to human capital identified were COVID-19 infection of hospital staff and decreased quantity of workforce due to quarantine. …”
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“…Indirect costs associated with OCD were estimated using the human capital approach. Linear regression analysis was conducted for quality of life and generalised linear model analysis was conducted for total cost. …”
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“…The prevalence-based approach and the bottom-up approach were used to collect cost information and to calculate the costs from the societal perspective, respectively. The human capital approach was applied to calculate indirect costs. …”
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“…CONCLUSIONS: SSB expenditures may displace expenditures in necessary goods and services, which implies that decreasing the proportion of budget spent on SSB may have important present and future consequences on poorer households’ human capital accumulation and future incomes. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-12959-7.…”
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“…Further analysis of the explained component showed that “Social/Human Capital” and “Income Security/Social Protection” determinants accounted the most for disparities observed; it also showed that “Health Services” determinants accounted the least. …”
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“…Direct and indirect costs of bladder cancer were calculated using the cost of illness and human capital approaches. Data were collected using a researcher-made checklist obtained from several sources including Iran bladder cancer clinical practice guideline, the Statistical Center of Iran, Iran’s Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor, and Social Welfare, Relative Value of Health Services (RVHS) book and Iranian Food and Drug Administration organization. …”
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“…A total of 276 patients were interviewed: 76.4% were males, 50.0% were in the age group 18–35, and 8.3% had multidrug-resistant TB. Using the human capital approach, 17.0% of households encountered catastrophic costs compared to 59.1% when using the output approach. …”
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“…Productivity losses were assessed in 90% of the estimations (the human capital approach was the most frequently used method), whereas informal care costs were included in nearly two-thirds of the estimations (applying the opportunity and the replacement-cost methods equally). …”
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