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  1. 1161
    “…Costs were calculated annually and per episode for different subgroups from an employer’s perspective using the Human Capital Approach. In the Netherlands, the employer has to pay 70% of the employee's wage out of pocket for the first two years of sick leave and also for the occupational health care. …”
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    The economic burden of knee and hip osteoarthritis: absenteeism and costs in the Dutch workforce
  2. 1162
    por Vidavalur, Ramesh
    Publicado 2022
    “…Economic benefits were calculated from lost DALY using human capital approach and value of statistical life methods, utilizing gross national income (GNI) per capita data and value of statistical life year (VSLY), respectively. …”
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    Human and Economic Cost of Disease Burden Due to Congenital Hypothyroidism in India: Too Little, but Not Too Late
  3. 1163
    “…The impact of aggressions, assaults and violence on years of life lost due to premature mortality was estimated using the Human Capital method. RESULTS: Over the period, at least 3236 cases of female homicides and femicides were reported. …”
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    Female homicides and femicides in Ecuador: a nationwide ecological analysis from 2001 to 2017
  4. 1164
    “…To calculate the indirect costs, the human capital approach was used as well. RESULTS: The results showed that the annual cost of MDD was $ 2717.41 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) (USD 2026.13) per patient in 2020. …”
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    Economic burden of major depressive disorder: a case study in Southern Iran
  5. 1165
    “…The direct and indirect economic burden of CKD were estimated by the bottom-up approach and the human capital approach respectively. RESULTS: The results of coefficient of determination (0.99), mean absolute percentage error (0.26%), mean absolute error (343,193.8) and root mean squared error (628,230.3) showed that the ARIMA (1,1,1) model fitted well. …”
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    ARIMA model for predicting chronic kidney disease and estimating its economic burden in China
  6. 1166
    “…Productivity loss was estimated based on the human capital method. Then, cost date were calculated as mean annual costs per patient. …”
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    The cost of illness analysis of inflammatory bowel disease
  7. 1167
    “…The productivity loss by individuals with NCDs was also estimated from income and work-time loss data, applying the input-based human capital approach. RESULTS: On average, a household with NCDs spent ₦ 122,313.60 or $ 398.52 per year on NCD care, representing 24% of household food expenditure. …”
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    Economic burden of non-communicable diseases on households in Nigeria: evidence from the Nigeria living standard survey 2018-19
  8. 1168
    por Mathers, Colin D, Loncar, Dejan
    Publicado 2006
    “…Data inputs have been updated to take account of the greater availability of death registration data and the latest available projections for HIV/AIDS, income, human capital, tobacco smoking, body mass index, and other inputs. …”
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    Projections of Global Mortality and Burden of Disease from 2002 to 2030
  9. 1169
    “…Investing in PHC will bring substantial health benefits and build human capital. At country level, PHC interventions need to be explicitly identified, and plans should be made for how to most appropriately reorient the health system towards PHC as a key lever towards achieving UHC and the health-related SDGs. …”
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    Guide posts for investment in primary health care and projected resource needs in 67 low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study
  10. 1170
    “…Unequal access to health services among migrant and local children greatly affects health equity and has a profound impact on the quality of human capital. This study aimed to investigate differences in using community-based healthcare between local and migrant children and to identify the influencing factors in Futian District of Shenzhen. …”
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    Inequality in health service utilization among migrant and local children: a cross-sectional survey of children aged 0–14 years in Shenzhen, China
  11. 1171
    “…CONCLUSION: A temporally harmonized asset index constructed from consistently administered surveys in a cohort setting over time may allow study of associations of life-course social mobility with human capital outcomes in LMIC contexts. The approach permits exploration of trends in household wealth of the sample over a follow-up period against repeated cross-sectional surveys which permit the estimation of only the mean trajectory. …”
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    Development of a temporally harmonized asset index: evidence from across 50 years of follow up of a birth cohort in Guatemala
  12. 1172
    “…Base-case analysis estimated direct cost and productivity losses using itemised costed resource use and the human capital approach. Scenario analyses with self-reported spending rather than itemised costing were also performed. …”
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    Direct and Indirect Costs of Influenza-Like Illness Treated with and Without Oseltamivir in 15 European Countries: A Descriptive Analysis Alongside the Randomised Controlled ALIC(4)E Trial
  13. 1173
    “…Obesity- attributable costs were calculated using lost gross income during the time absent from work, through the human-capital approach. RESULTS: The EpiDoC included 4338 working adults at baseline. …”
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    Obesity- attributable costs of absenteeism among working adults in Portugal
  14. 1174
    “…METHODS: Sourcing data from the 2016 population census, we applied linear regression and Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition techniques to assess wage differentials by sex, traditional human capital measures (e.g., age, education, place of work), and social identity variables intersecting with gender (household head, childcare, migrant status) among health policy researchers aged 25–54. …”
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    Gender composition and wage gaps in the Canadian health policy research workforce in comparative perspective
  15. 1175
    “…Direct costs were calculated using the micro-costing technique, while indirect costs were calculated using the human capital approach. The statistical significance of cost difference between the groups of patient characteristics was determined using Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis mean rank sum tests, and the factors associated with a total cost of illness were identified with Generalized Linear Model (GLM). …”
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    Economic Burden of Diabetic Mellitus Among Patients on Follow-up Care in Hospitals of Southwest Shewa Zone, Central Ethiopia
  16. 1176
    “…Indirect costs were estimated using the human-capital approach. Unit costs were obtained from national databases (euros of 2022). …”
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    Economic burden of locoregional and metastatic relapses in resectable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer in Spain
  17. 1177
    “…In addition, we used the Human Capital Approach to estimate productivity gains. …”
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    The health and economic impact and cost effectiveness of interventions for the prevention and control of overweight and obesity in Kenya: a stakeholder engaged modelling study
  18. 1178
    “…As a continuing public health concern, it is essential that stunting prevention is a national priority in order to ensure human capital development, especially among the poorest households. …”
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    Specialized Nutritious Food Combined With Cash Transfers and Social and Behavior Change Communication to Prevent Stunting Among Children Aged 6 to 23 Months in Pakistan: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
  19. 1179
    “…Only one out of four of the studies reviewed included information on the approach used to estimate productivity losses/gains, which was predominantly the human capital approach. One-hundred forty-four studies (69%) reported the impact of including productivity losses/gains on the ICER, with 110 studies (53%) reporting that their inclusion contributed to more favorable cost-effectiveness. …”
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    Use of Productivity Loss/Gain in Cost-Effectiveness Analyses for Drugs: A Systematic Review
  20. 1180
    “…All studies employed the human capital approach to estimate costs, and 16% also used the friction cost approach. …”
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    The Indirect Cost Burden of Cancer Care in Canada: A Systematic Literature Review
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