“…However, the results show that the improvement of governance quality could contribute to improve income distribution in urban areas. Interestingly, the results show that improving governance quality in Africa could contribute to spurring a positive urbanization which could contribute to promote urban economic growth and reduce income inequality.…”
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“…In this Comment, we argue that reducing the Gini coefficient of the income distribution of a population need not weaken the population’s social stress. …”
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“…An inequality footprint shows the link that each country's domestic economic activity has to income distribution elsewhere in the world. To this end we use employment and household income accounts for 187 countries and an historical time series dating back to 1990. …”
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“…Based on the economic theory of urbanization and income distribution, we analyze the annual time series of China’s urbanization rate and Gini index from 1978 to 2014. …”
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“…However, without large-scale public sector reform, innate issues with human resource development, income distribution and financing of public healthcare providers cannot be solved. …”
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“…We specifically examined the shape of the associations between income and mortality with focus on where in the income distribution that higher incomes began to provide diminishing returns. …”
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“…Women in the bottom 50th percentile of income distribution were more likely to have bacteriuria (adjusted odds ratio 1.44, 95% CI 0.99–2.10) and significantly more likely to have bacteriuria with ESBL-producing organisms (adjusted odds ratio 2.04, 95% CI 1.17–3.54). …”
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“…The conclusions of the research have some important policy implications for environmental governance and income distribution policies at the national as well as supranational level.…”
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“…Then, using historical changes and trends of income distribution per country, the latest projections about economic decline due to the pandemic, and demographic information about the distribution of children by deciles, we estimate the expected increase in the number of children in monetary poor households in developing countries as of end of 2020 to be an additional 122–144 million and, at best, a moderate decline in these numbers by end of 2021.…”
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“…In both countries, couples at the bottom 25% of the prepandemic family income distribution experienced the greatest increase in neither partner working but the least growth in sole‐worker arrangements. …”
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“…Furthermore, respondents are often grouped into income categories based on their positions in the income distribution, and this operationalization can be done on the basis of age-specific or total population income distributions. …”
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“…We find that almost all demographic groups and regions saw a rise in employment, especially those with low pre‐existing employment rates and those near the bottom of the income distribution. Hourly pay growth was very weak over the period, with the median actually slightly falling. …”
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“…More importantly, how can improved equality in income distribution contribute to mitigate political polarization? …”
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“…A general framework emerges with three parameters that determine a minimum allowed tax deduction, a maximum allowed itemized deduction, and a maximum deduction defined by income percentage. An income distribution that mimics the United States, and a series of log-normal distributions are considered to quantitatively compare detailed characteristics of this tax system to progressive and flat tax systems. …”
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“…We examine the effects of a stricter environmental regulation on welfare, production, and income distribution. If the elasticity of substitution in the tourism sector is sufficiently low, a stricter environmental regulation paradoxically expands the tourism sector and narrows domestic wage inequality, even under constant tourism terms of trade. …”
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“…Conversely, improved health services, equitable income distribution and productive use of public borrowing were positively correlated with security and, therefore, stimulated growth in the long and short run. …”
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“…In two studies, we found that support for redistribution can be modeled as a latent construct depicting two different dimensions: one focused on taxing the wealthy and changing the income distribution schema, and other focused on assisting people in need and providing opportunities. …”
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“…Optimizing product structure of trade, adjusting income distribution, and enhancing medical securities for low-income groups are necessary to alleviate the health inequality caused by foreign trade.…”
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“…Socioeconomic inequalities were greatest in poor countries and in countries with unequal income distribution. GDP (PPP US$) and Gini did not explain between country variance in socioeconomic inequalities in life satisfaction. …”
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“…Even though inequalities in oral health remain, universal coverage for children in Isreal is a positive development; yet for further improvements in oral health to materialize, attention will arguably need to be paid to broader preventive measures (e.g. drinking water fluoridation, oral disease prevention and oral health promotion in primary care), and more importantly, to the social determinants of health (e.g. income security, fair income distribution, food security).…”
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