“…VAS scores increased 0.716 points per inning pitched (p<0.001). Medial elbow torque also was found to increase with successive innings, with an increase of 0.836 Nm each inning (p<0.001), while average pitch velocity was found to decrease as the game progressed (0.28 mile per hour decrease per inning; p<0.001). …”
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“…There was no difference in player performance (including batting average, on-base percentage, and slugging for batters; earned run average, fielding-independent pitching, and walks plus hits per inning pitched for pitchers) after concussion at any time point (30 days, 1 year, or career) when comparing these statistics before versus after the MLB concussion protocol. …”
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“…Changes in earned run average and walks plus hits per inning pitched were inconclusive. CONCLUSION: Pitchers returned to play after UCLR in approximately 12 months and generally took longer to return to their same level of play. …”
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“…Data obtained included time to return to competition, number of collegiate seasons played after surgery, total games started and played, seasonal wins, losses, saves, innings played, hits, earned run average (ERA), home runs, shutouts, strikeouts, walks, and walks plus hit per inning pitched (WHIP). The UCLR group was compared with a matched control group of collegiate pitchers without elbow injury. …”
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“…One-year post-index, pitchers had reduced games played (GP) (22.0 ± 21.3 vs 32.1 ± 21.0, p=0.002), started (15.0 ± 14.1 vs 6.1 ± 6.5, p =0.0038), and innings (109.5 ± 73.2 vs 44.7 ± 29.3, p =0.0004), and increased walks/hits-per-inning-pitched (WHIP) (1.3 ± 0.2 vs 1.5 ± 0.3, p =0.0035). …”
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“…Primary outcome measures for pitchers were earned run average (ERA) and walks plus hits per inning pitched (WHIP), while primary outcomes for position players were batting average (AVG) and on-base plus slugging (OPS). …”
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