“…Many of these cytokines such as IL-2, IL-7, IL-12, IL-15, IL-21, IL-27, and interferons (IFNs) signal via the Janus Kinase / Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway. …”
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“…Dendritic cells (DCs) function is intimately linked to microenvironment and metabolism. Type I interferons (IFNs) condition dendritic cells to respond to weak self-signals, leading to autoimmunity. …”
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“…Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus emerged in the US is known to suppress the type I interferons response during infection. In the present study using porcine epithelial cells, we showed that PEDV inhibited both NF-κB and proinflammatory cytokines. …”
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“…Immunofluorescent analyses revealed that toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) was expressed in BIE cells, and the results of real-time quantitative PCR showed that these cells respond to stimulation with poly(I:C) by up-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons. In addition, we demonstrated that BIE cells are useful for the primary screening of immunobiotic lactic acid bacteria strains which are able to beneficially modulate antiviral immune responses triggered by TLR3 activation in bovine IECs. …”
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“…We had reported that type I interferons produced upon activation of STING, abrogates NRF2 function. …”
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“…Engagement of these pattern recognition receptors triggers a series of signaling pathways that culminate in the production of antiviral mediators such as type I interferons. Mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) acts as a central hub for signal transduction initiated by RIG-I-like receptors, which predominantly recognize viral RNA. …”
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“…Novel therapies targeting interferons, cytokines and their receptors, intracellular signals, plasma cells, T lymphocytes and co-stimulatory molecules are being evaluated. …”
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“…Currently, there are mainly interferons and nucleoside analogues treatment of hepatitis B in the clinic, which have certain therapeutic effects on hepatitis B, but their side effects and drug resistance are increasingly prominent. …”
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“…The current treatment is based on nucleos(t)ide analogs and pegylated interferons that save lives by decreasing liver cancer death, liver transplant, slow or reverse the progression of liver disease as well as the virus infectivity.…”
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“…In addition to kinases and E3 ubiquitin ligases, phosphatases emerge as important regulators of TLRs signaling mediated by NF-κB, type I interferons (IFN I) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases signaling pathways. …”
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“…We also show for the first time that Bmp8a interacts with Alk6a, which promotes the phosphorylation of Tbk1 and Irf3 through p38 MAPK pathway, and induces the production of type I interferons (IFNs) in response to viral infection. Our study uncovers a previously unrecognized role of Bmp8a in regulation of antiviral immune responses and provides a target for controlling viral infection.…”
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“…In the present review, we will summarize the potential drugs suggested to be repurposed to be utilized in the treatment of COVID-19 patients like lopinavir-ritonavir, ribavirin, baloxavir marboxil, favipiravir, remdesvir, umifenovir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, corticosteroids, losartan, statins, interferons, nitric oxide, epoprostenol, tocilizumab, siltuximab, sarilumab anakinra, and ruxolitinib. …”
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“…Innate immunity plays vital roles in eliminating viruses through initiating type I interferons (IFNs)-dependent antiviral responses and inducing inflammation. …”
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“…Although many potent drugs have been used for cytokine storm, mortality is high for patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), which is followed up in the intensive care unit. Interferons (IFNs) are the major cytokines of the antiviral defense system released from many cell types. …”
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“…Lines of treatment include antiviral drugs mainly remdesivir and lopinavir/ritonavir combination; antibacterial drugs; antimalarial drugs mainly chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine; antiparasitic drugs especially ivermectin, anticoagulant therapy, immune-based therapy including immunomodulatory therapy (steroids, interleukin inhibitors, and interferons) and human-derived products (convalescent plasma, immunoglobulins, and mesenchymal stem cells) host-directed therapy including metformin, statins, and pioglitazones, oxygen therapy and other therapeutic agents including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc, lactoferrin, and melatonin. …”
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“…In addition to activating DDR pathways, HPVs must escape innate immune surveillance mechanisms by antagonizing sensors, adaptors, interferons and antiviral gene expression. Both DDR and innate immune pathways are key host mechanisms that crosstalk with each other to maintain homeostasis of cells persistently infected with HPVs. …”
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“…Although nucleos(t)ide analogs and interferons suppress hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication, they must be taken continuously and have a low response rate. …”
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“…Our results demonstrated that BCG vaccination resulted in diminished plasma levels of types 1, 2, and 17 and other proinflammatory cytokines and type 1 interferons. BCG vaccination also resulted in decreased plasma levels of CC, CXC chemokines, APPs, MMPs, and growth factors. …”
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“…In addition, we summarize the ncRNAs that are associated with innate immunity and involvement of interferons and their stimulated genes (ISGs) during IAV infection.…”
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“…These Toll-Like Receptors are present not just on the resident macrophages of the central nervous system but are also expressed by the neurons to allow them for the production of proinflammatory agents such as interferons, cytokines, and chemokines; the activation and recruitment of glial cells; and their participation in neuronal cell death by apoptosis. …”
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