“…These cells are responsible for detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns, thereby initiating a signaling cascade that results in the production of cytokines such as interferons to mitigate infections. The aim of this review is to outline recent advances in our knowledge of the roles that neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes play in initiating and coordinating host responses against viral infections. …”
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“…Cytokines are a family of soluble factors (Growth Factors (GFs), chemokines, angiogenic factors, and interferons), which regulate a wide range of mechanisms in both physiological and pathological conditions, such as tumor cell growth and progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis. …”
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“…It is characterized by the involvement of multiple inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and multiple interferons. Hence, biologics like tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) antagonist may be used to block this inflammatory process. …”
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“…Therefore, there is a need for improved vaccines and for a better understanding of innate and adaptive immune responses against MDV infections. Interferons (IFNs) play important roles in the innate immune defenses against viruses and induce upregulation of a cellular antiviral state. …”
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“…Although EBOV is highly contagious and transmitted by direct contact with body fluids, it could be counteracted by the adequate chemoprophylactic and -therapeutic interventions: vaccines, antibodies, siRNAs (small interfering RNAs), interferons and chemical substances, i.e. neplanocin A derivatives (i.e. 3-deazaneplanocin A), BCX4430, favipiravir (T-705), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) α-glucosidase inhibitors and a variety of compounds that have been found to inhibit EBOV infection blocking viral entry or by a mode of action that still has to be resolved. …”
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“…Further, basing on the same represented concept, the author suggests more trials for interferons to be tested against SARS CoV-2, especially in severe and critical COVID-19 cases.…”
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“…The hallmark of the disease is the production of highly neutralizing autoantibodies against type I interferons and IL-22. Considering the importance of IL-22 in maintaining mucosal barrier integrity and shaping its microbial community, we sought to study potential changes in the oral cavity in this model of human IL-22 paucity. …”
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“…This article considers six major chemotherapeutic classes aimed at certain viral targets: inhibitors of viral RNA polymerase, inhibitors of viral protease Mpro, inhibitors of proteolytic activation of viral protein S allowing virus entry into the target cell, inhibitors of virus uncoating in cellular endosomes, compounds of exogenous interferons, and compounds of natural and recombinant virus-neutralizing antibodies. …”
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“…The ACE2 gene is expressed in SARS-CoV-2 target cells, including Type II Pneumocytes (Ziegler, 2020), and is activated by interferons. Viral RNA was also detected in breast milk (Wu et al., 2020), raising the possibility that ACE2 expression is under the control of cytokines through the JAK-STAT pathway. …”
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“…The activation of the cGAS-STING pathway has tremendous potential to improve anti-tumor immunity by generating type I interferons. In recent decades, we have witnessed that producing dsDNA upon various stimuli is an initiative factor, triggering the cGAS-SING pathway for a defensive host. …”
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“…ACE2 binds the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and facilitates its cellular entry. Interferons activate ACE2 expression in pneumocytes, suggesting a critical role of cytokines in SARS-CoV-2 target cells. …”
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“…In this review, we highlight prominent cytokine families and their potential role in COVID-19, the type I and II interferons, tumour necrosis factor and members of the Interleukin family. …”
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“…This study reviews the features of pediatric post-transplant idiopathic liver fibrosis and discusses current studies illustrating the potential mechanisms of liver allograft tolerance induced by intrahepatic innate immunity, the role of components including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), interferons (IFN), dendritic cells (DC), natural killer cells (NK cells), NKT cells, neutrophils, and Kupffer cells, as well as their possibly relevant role in the development of pediatric post-transplant idiopathic liver fibrosis.…”
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“…In the innate immune system, the interactions between pathogen-associated molecular patterns and host pattern recognition receptors activate multiple signaling pathways in immune cells and induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interferons to elicit antiviral responses. Macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells are the principal innate immune components that exert antiviral activities. …”
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“…Interferons (IFNs) are key controllers of viral replication, with intact IFN responses suppressing virus growth and spread. …”
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“…The activated innate immune system produces interferons (IFNs) and cytokines that perform antiviral functions to eliminate invading viruses. …”
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“…In addition to newer JAK inhibitors and improved interferons, promising novel agents exploiting a growing understanding of PV and ET pathogenesis and disease evolution mechanisms are being developed. …”
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“…Thus, immune-targeted therapies are increasingly proposed in neurology (even if often controversial), as anakinra, inhibiting IL-1 for febrile inflammatory illnesses, and JAK inhibitors for anti-interferons treatment. Precision medicine in neurology could be fostered by a better understanding of the disease machinery, to develop a rational use of immuno-modulators in clinical trials. …”
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“…In this review, we focus on discussing the role of Ku70 in inducing interferons and proinflammatory cytokines as a cytosolic DNA sensor. …”
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“…When released from the mitochondrion to the cytosol, mtDNA is recognized by cGAS, a cGAMP which activates a pathway leading to enhanced expression of type I interferons, and by NLRP3 inflammasome, which promotes the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin-1beta and Interleukin-18. …”
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