“…In response to PAMPs, interferons (IFNs) are produced, allowing the host to react swiftly to viral infection. …”
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“…Type III interferons (IFNs), or IFNλs, are cytokines produced in response to microbial ligands. …”
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“…Therefore, this study aims to review the evidence on the immune response dysregulation in COVID-19 infection and the potential role of immunoregulatory treatments such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, interferons, and CD200 inhibitors in altering disease prognosis, especially in critically ill patients.…”
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“…Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent one of the major first-line antiviral defenses through intracellular signaling pathways that induce antiviral inflammatory cytokines and interferons, thereby shaping adaptive immunity. However, HBV has evolved strategies to counter TLR responses by suppressing the expression of TLRs and blocking the downstream signaling pathways, thus limiting HBV-specific adaptive immunity and facilitating viral persistence. …”
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“…Especially the induction of type I interferons, central cytokines in lupus pathogenesis which are released by various skin cells, have become the focus of current research. …”
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“…Both viruses were substantially inhibited by overexpression of type I, II and III interferons, as well as by DDX58 (RIG-I), IFIH1, and IRF1. …”
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“…Influenza A virus (IAV) polymerase protein PB2 has been shown to partially inhibit the host immune response by blocking the induction of interferons (IFNs). However, the IAV PB2 protein that regulates the downstream signaling pathway of IFNs is not well characterized. …”
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“…The innate immune DNA sensing cGAS-STING signaling pathway has been widely recognized for inducing interferons (IFNs) and subsequent antiviral state. In addition to IFN, the cGAS-STING pathway also elicits other cell autonomous immunity events including autophagy and apoptosis. …”
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“…The molecule binds to the adaptor protein STING, which induces an immune response characterized by the production of type I interferons and cytokines. The development of STING‐binding molecules with both agonistic as well as antagonistic properties is currently of tremendous interest to induce or enhance antitumor or antiviral immunity on the one hand, or to treat autoimmune diseases on the other hand. …”
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“…TLR7 triggers the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines or type-I interferons (IFN), which is essential for immunoregulation. …”
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“…In general, the activation of innate immune responses is mediated by host pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) as well as host damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which results in the activation of the downstream gene induction programs of types I and III interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines for inducing antiviral activity. …”
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“…RESULTS: We examined the induction of various cytokines and chemokines in human hosts infected with different subtypes of influenza A viruses. Type I and III interferons were found to be differentially induced with each subtype. …”
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“…The bioactivity of type I interferons in the supernatants was detected by the virus protection assay. …”
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“…TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1)/IκB kinase-ε (IKKε) mediates robust production of type I interferons (IFN-I) and proinflammatory cytokines in response to acute viral infection. …”
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“…En revanche, il a été observé que les patients sous interférons avaient un risque moindre d’hospitalisation. …”
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“…In this review, we summarize mechanisms and clinical efficacy of antiviral therapy of COVID-19 with drugs based on plasma of convalescents, monoclonal antibodies, interferons, fusion inhibitors, nucleoside analogs, and protease inhibitors. …”
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“…From January 2010 to October 2022, 449 patients were followed up in our demyelinating pathology unit with self-injectable drugs - 317 with beta interferons and 132 with glatiramer acetate (GA). In this period of time, 10 episodes of Nicolau syndrome were recorded in seven patients (six men and one woman) receiving GA, which represents 5.3% of the total number of patients receiving this treatment. …”
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“…Relevant factors directly influencing the development of AT comprise immune complex generation, complement activation, and changes in the production and activity of a complex network of cytokines, including type I and II interferons, B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), TNFα, IL-6, IL-17 and migration macrophage inhibitor (MIF). …”
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“…The aim of this study is to update a previous review which considered the cost-effectiveness of disease-modifying drugs (DMDs), such as interferons and glatiramer acetate, with more up to date therapies, such as mitaxantrone hydrochloride and natalizumab in the treatment of MS. …”
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“…Here, we review the role of PRRs and associated signaling pathways in detecting viral pathogens in order to evoke production of interferons and cytokines. By highlighting recent progress in these areas, we hope to convey a greater understanding of how viruses activate PRR signaling and how this interaction shapes the anti-viral immune response.…”
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