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  1. 2501
    “…In South America, various species of Leishmania are endemic and cause New World tegumentary leishmaniasis (NWTL). The correct identification of these species is critical for adequate clinical management and surveillance activities. …”
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    A FRET-Based Real-Time PCR Assay to Identify the Main Causal Agents of New World Tegumentary Leishmaniasis
  2. 2502
    “…BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a predominantly rural disease, common in the low lands of eastern Nepal. …”
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    An outbreak investigation of visceral leishmaniasis among residents of Dharan town, eastern Nepal, evidence for urban transmission of Leishmania donovani
  3. 2503
    “…BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), caused by infection with Leishmania donovani complex, remains a major public health problem in endemic regions of South Asia, East Africa, and Brazil. …”
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    Comparison of Visceral Leishmaniasis Diagnostic Antigens in African and Asian Leishmania donovani Reveals Extensive Diversity and Region-specific Polymorphisms
  4. 2504
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    Leishmania donovani whole cell antigen delivered with adjuvants protects against visceral leishmaniasis in vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops)()
  5. 2505
    “…The rLiHyp1 protein was recognized by antibodies from sera of asymptomatic and symptomatic animals with canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), but presented no cross-reactivity with sera of dogs vaccinated with Leish-Tec, a Brazilian commercial vaccine; with Chagas' disease or healthy animals. …”
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    Antigenicity and Protective Efficacy of a Leishmania Amastigote-specific Protein, Member of the Super-oxygenase Family, against Visceral Leishmaniasis
  6. 2506
    “…BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of nasal, oral, and ear swabs for molecular diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in an endemic urban area in Brazil. …”
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    Nasal, Oral and Ear Swabs for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis Diagnosis: New Practical Approaches for Detection of Leishmania infantum DNA
  7. 2507
    “…Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a parasitic disease characterized by immune suppression. …”
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    Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis: A Paradigm of Paradoxical Immune Reconstitution Syndrome in Non-HIV/AIDS Patients
  8. 2508
    “…BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), commonly known as kala-azar is a systemic disease caused by parasitic protozoan species of genus Leishmania and transmitted by species of Phlebotomus (sand flies). …”
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    Knowledge, attitude and practices related to visceral leishmaniasis among residents in Addis Zemen town, South Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia
  9. 2509
    “…OBJECTIVE: We conducted a systematic literature review with indirect comparison of studies evaluating therapeutic efficacy and toxicity associated to visceral leishmaniasis (VL) therapy among HIV infected individuals. …”
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    Efficacy of Anti-Leishmania Therapy in Visceral Leishmaniasis among HIV Infected Patients: A Systematic Review with Indirect Comparison
  10. 2510
    “…BACKGROUND: The aim of present study was to determine the seroprevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) among stray and owned dogs in Kouhsar district of Alborz Province, central Iran. …”
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    Seroepidemiologcal Investigation of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Stray and Owned Dogs In Alborz Province, Central Iran Using Direct Agglutination Test
  11. 2511
    “…BACKGROUND: Leishmaniasis remains a serious neglected disease, with more than 350 million people potentially at risk worldwide. …”
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    Insecticide-impregnated netting as a potential tool for long-lasting control of the leishmaniasis vector Lutzomyia longipalpis in animal shelters
  12. 2512
    por Fakiola, Michaela, Strange, Amy, Cordell, Heather J., Miller, E. Nancy, Pirinen, Matti, Su, Zhan, Mishra, Anshuman, Mehrotra, Sanjana, Monteiro, Gloria R., Band, Gavin, Bellenguez, Céline, Dronov, Serge, Edkins, Sarah, Freeman, Colin, Giannoulatou, Eleni, Gray, Emma, Hunt, Sarah E., Lacerda, Henio G., Langford, Cordelia, Pearson, Richard, Pontes, Núbia N., Rai, Madhukar, Singh, S.P., Smith, Linda, Sousa, Olivia, Vukcevic, Damjan, Bramon, Elvira, Brown, Matthew A., Casas, Juan P., Corvin, Aiden, Duncanson, Audrey, Jankowski, Janusz, Markus, Hugh S., Mathew, Christopher G., Palmer, Colin N.A., Plomin, Robert, Rautanen, Anna, Sawcer, Stephen J., Trembath, Richard C., Viswanathan, Ananth C., Wood, Nicholas W., Wilson, Mary E., Deloukas, Panos, Peltonen, Leena, Christiansen, Frank, Witt, Campbell, Jeronimo, Selma M.B., Sundar, Shyam, Spencer, Chris C.A., Blackwell, Jenefer M., Donnelly, Peter
    Publicado 2013
    “…To identify susceptibility loci for visceral leishmaniasis we undertook genome-wide association studies in two populations; 989 cases and 1089 controls from India, and 357 cases in 308 Brazilian families (1970 individuals). …”
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    Common variants in the HLA-DRB1-HLA-DQA1 Class II region are associated with susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis
  13. 2513
    “…This retrospective study was aimed to describe the trend of the cases and to determine the annual incidence rate of cutaneous leishmaniasis from 1999 to 2005 in the city of Ouagadougou. …”
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    Epidemiological profile of cutaneous leishmaniasis: Retrospective analysis of 7444 cases reported from 1999 to 2005 at Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
  14. 2514
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    Molecular Detection and Conventional Identification of Leishmania Species in Reservoir Hosts of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Fars Province, South of Iran
  15. 2515
    “…BACKGROUND: American visceral leishmaniasis is caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum. …”
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    Validity and Reliability of Enzyme Immunoassays Using Leishmania major or L. infantum Antigens for the Diagnosis of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil
  16. 2516
    “…BACKGROUND: The genetic variability of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis was assessed at intra and interpatient levels of individuals with different clinical manifestations of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL). METHODS: Fifty-two samples, of which 13 originated from cutaneous lesions and 39 from mucosal lesions, provided by 35 patients, were examined by low-stringency single-specific-primer PCR (LSSP-PCR) and phenetic analysis. …”
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    American tegumentary leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis: assessment of parasite genetic variability at intra- and inter-patient levels
  17. 2517
    “…Leishmania infantum infection in humans and dogs can evolve with a wide range of clinical presentations, varying from asymptomatic infections to visceral leishmaniasis. We hypothesized that the immune response elicited by L. infantum infection could modulate whether the host will remain asymptomatic or progress to disease. …”
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    Association of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Iron Regulatory Protein 2 (IRP2) with Leishmania Burden in Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis
  18. 2518
    “…The disease severity in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is largely dependent on the causative species. …”
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    Analysis of localized immune responses reveals presence of Th17 and Treg cells in cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania tropica
  19. 2519
    “…INTRODUCTION: Asymptomatic persons infected with the parasites causing visceral leishmaniasis (VL) usually outnumber clinically apparent cases by a ratio of 4–10 to 1. …”
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    Strong Association between Serological Status and Probability of Progression to Clinical Visceral Leishmaniasis in Prospective Cohort Studies in India and Nepal
  20. 2520
    “…The techniques used for diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in Brazil ELISA and IFAT have been extensively questioned because of the accuracy of these tests. …”
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    Evaluation of Change in Canine Diagnosis Protocol Adopted by the Visceral Leishmaniasis Control Program in Brazil and a New Proposal for Diagnosis
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