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  1. 2761
    “…[Image: see text] A process suitable for kilogram-scale synthesis of (2R)-2-methyl-6-nitro-2-{[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]methyl}-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazole (DNDI-VL-2098, 2), a preclinical drug candidate for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis, is described. The four-step synthesis of the target compound involves the Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation of 2-methyl-2-propen-1-ol, 8. …”
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    Development of a Scalable Process for the Synthesis of DNDI-VL-2098: A Potential Preclinical Drug Candidate for the Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis
  2. 2762
    “…Cutaneous leishmaniasis remains both a public health and a therapeutic challenge. …”
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    Effects of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy in Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in BALB/c Mice Induced by Leishmania amazonensis
  3. 2763
    “…The aim of this study was to better understand the dynamics of Leishmania sand flies and reservoirs in São Domingos ranch, Arapongas municipality, Paraná State, an anthropic environment in an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Sand flies were collected in wild animal burrows, residences and in the forest, with Falcão light trap (FA), Shannon trap (SH) and quadrangular pyramidal trap (QP). …”
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    Considerations of potential vectors and animal reservoirs in an emerging cutaneous leishmaniasis area in São Domingos ranch, Paraná State in Southearn Brazil
  4. 2764
    “…Transmission of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) depends on the presence, density and distribution of Leishmania major rodent reservoir and the development of these rodents is known to have a significant dependence on environmental and climate factors. …”
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    Modeling zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence in central Tunisia from 2009-2015: Forecasting models using climate variables as predictors
  5. 2765
    “…BACKGROUND: Despite high prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis and malaria in the study area, their coinfection remains unknown. …”
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    Visceral Leishmaniasis-Malaria Coinfection and Their Associated Factors in Patients Attending Metema Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: Suggestion for Integrated Vector Management
  6. 2766
    “…Abundance, dynamics of density and Leishmania infantum infection prevalence of Phlebotomus perniciosus in Tunisian hot spot of visceral leishmaniasis highlight the major role of this Phlebotominae species in L. infantum transmission.…”
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    Temporal dynamics and Leishmania infantum infection prevalence of Phlebotomus perniciosus (Diptera, Phlebotominae) in highly endemic areas of visceral leishmaniasis in Tunisia
  7. 2767
    “…METHODS: The present study was carried out in 2014 in Leishmaniasis Research Center at School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical sciences, Kerman, Iran. …”
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    The Potential Use of Methotrexate in the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: In Vitro Assays against Sensitive and Meglumine Antimoniate-resistant Strains of Leishmania tropica
  8. 2768
    “…We therefore aimed to determine the insecticide susceptibility against two commonly used insecticides; deltamethrin and permethrin, on wild-caught sand fly populations collected in two geographically separated leishmaniasis endemic areas. METHODS: Insecticide susceptibility of wild-caught sand flies to deltamethrin (0.05%) and permethrin (0.75%) using ready-to use impregnated insecticide papers of WHO was investigated in 2010 based on knockdown time using standard WHO tube-test kit and procedures. …”
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    Insecticide Susceptibility Status of Wild-Caught Sand Fly Populations Collected from Two Leishmaniasis Endemic Areas in Western Turkey
  9. 2769
    “…BACKGROUND: Systemic treatments for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) have many limitations. Local therapies are an alternative option for this disease. …”
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    Clinico-Epidemiological Profile of Adolescent and Adult Patients with Tegumentary Leishmaniasis from the Colombian Southwest 2004–2014: Considerations for Local Therapies
  10. 2770
    “…Leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania infantum, is a vector‐borne zoonotic disease that is endemic to the Mediterranean basin. …”
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    Assessment of the sensitivity and specificity of serological (IFAT) and molecular (direct‐PCR) techniques for diagnosis of leishmaniasis in lagomorphs using a Bayesian approach
  11. 2771
    “…Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is responsible for several deaths in malnourished children accompanied by diminished circulating leptin and impaired cell-mediated immunity. …”
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    Leptin regulates Granzyme-A, PD-1 and CTLA-4 expression in T cell to control visceral leishmaniasis in BALB/c Mice
  12. 2772
    “…BACKGROUND: Leishmania tropica, the causative agent of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL), and Leishmania major, which causes zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL), are endemic in Iran. …”
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    The PCR-RFLP-Based Detection and Identification of the Leishmania Species Causing Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Khorasan-Razavi Province, Northeast of Iran
  13. 2773
    “…We used immunohistochemistry to analyze 96 patients: a- localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL-ATL); b- sporotrichoid cutaneous leishmaniasis (SCL-ATL); c-lymphocutaneous (LC-SP); d- fixed (F-SP) sporotrichosis. …”
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    Unbalanced inflammatory reaction could increase tissue destruction and worsen skin infectious diseases – a comparative study of leishmaniasis and sporotrichosis
  14. 2774
    “…Antibodies against the different LieIF2 and LieIF2B subunits were found in the sera from human and canine visceral leishmaniasis patients, and also in the sera from hamsters experimentally infected with L. infantum. …”
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    Analysis of the Antigenic and Prophylactic Properties of the Leishmania Translation Initiation Factors eIF2 and eIF2B in Natural and Experimental Leishmaniasis
  15. 2775
    “…INTRODUCTION: Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) is a rare disease form associated with Leishmania (L.) amazonensis in South America. …”
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    PD-L1 May Mediate T-Cell Exhaustion in a Case of Early Diffuse Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania (L.) amazonensis
  16. 2776
    “…In addition, regarding the Americas, the specific relationship between canine and human for Visceral Leishmaniasis dynamics is still not well understood. …”
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    Mathematical modelling for Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis dynamics: A new analysis considering updated parameters and notified human Brazilian data
  17. 2777
    “…BACKGROUND: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a world-wide health problem which currently lacks effective, affordable and easy to use therapy. …”
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    Meglumine antimoniate intralesional infiltration for localised cutaneous leishmaniasis: a single arm, open label, phase II clinical trial
  18. 2778
    “…BACKGROUND: The fatal form of leishmaniasis is visceral form (VL), found in some of the countries in the world. …”
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    Molecular-Based Detection of Leishmania infantum in Human Blood Samples in a New Focus of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Lorestan Province, Iran
  19. 2779
    “…BACKGROUND: In Brazil, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a serious public health problem because of its magnitude, geographical expansion and potential harms caused by illnesses, including death. …”
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    Dispersion of Lutzomyia longipalpis and expansion of visceral leishmaniasis in São Paulo State, Brazil: identification of associated factors through survival analysis
  20. 2780
    “…Leishmaniasis is a disease complex with various clinical symptoms caused by different species of parasites of the genus Leishmania. …”
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    Potential role of zinc in the visceromegaly regression and recovery of hematological parameters during treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in children from an endemic area
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