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  1. 3041
    “…The pathogenesis of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is complex. Only 5 to 10% of kala-azar patients develop this dermal complication, and it is not known whether this is due to changes in the parasite genome or some host factors. …”
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    De Novo Whole-Genome Sequence and Annotation of a Leishmania Strain Isolated from a Case of Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis
  2. 3042
    “…In human cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), the immune response is mainly mediated by T-cells. …”
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    T-cell receptor Vβ repertoire of CD8(+) T-lymphocyte subpopulations in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  3. 3043
    “…BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has become an important opportunistic infection in persons with HIV-infection in VL-endemic areas. …”
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    Use of Pentamidine As Secondary Prophylaxis to Prevent Visceral Leishmaniasis Relapse in HIV Infected Patients, the First Twelve Months of a Prospective Cohort Study
  4. 3044
    “…The aim of this study was to characterize clinical field isolates of Leishmania spp. obtained from patients with American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) who live in Goiás state, Brazil. …”
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    Identification and Biological Characterization of Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis Isolated from a Patient with Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in Goiás, a Nonendemic Area for This Species in Brazil
  5. 3045
    “…Background: Viscerotropic leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica poses a significant problem in the diagnosis and treatment management. …”
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    Comparative Proteomic Profiling of Leishmania tropica: Investigation of a Case Infected with Simultaneous Cutaneous and Viscerotropic Leishmaniasis by 2-Dimentional Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry
  6. 3046
    “…OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the use of pentamidine in a single dose to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis. METHODS: Clinical trial of phase II pilot study with 20 patients. …”
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    Efficacy and safety of a single dose pentamidine (7mg/kg) for patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. guyanensis: a pilot study
  7. 3047
    “…Leishmania donovani is the known causative agent of both cutaneous (CL) and visceral leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka. CL is considered to be under-reported partly due to relatively poor sensitivity and specificity of microscopic diagnosis. …”
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    Polymerase chain reaction detection of Leishmania DNA in skin biopsy samples in Sri Lanka where the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis is Leishmania donovani
  8. 3048
    “…Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) remains an important public health problem in Morocco. …”
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    Effectiveness and Cost of Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets and Indoor Residual Spraying for the Control of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Cluster-Randomized Control Trial in Morocco
  9. 3049
    “…BACKGROUND: American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) in Brazil is mostly caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, with known forms of the disease being cutaneous (CL), mucosal (ML) and disseminated (DL) leishmaniasis. …”
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    Insulin-like growth factor-I serum levels and their biological effects on Leishmania isolates from different clinical forms of American tegumentary leishmaniasis
  10. 3050
    “…Some rural areas of Azarshahr District in East Azarbaijan Province have been reported to be endemic for visceral leishmaniasis. This study is the first attempt to determine the species diversity and density in a new focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Azarshahr District, East Azarbaijan Province, Iran. …”
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    Diversity of Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Endemic Focus of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Azar Shahr District, East Azarbaijan Province, North West of Iran
  11. 3051
    “…BACKGROUND: The outcome of leishmaniasis is an interplay between Leishamania and the host. …”
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    Association of HLA class I and II genes with cutaneous leishmaniasis: a case control study from Sri Lanka and a systematic review
  12. 3052
    “…BACKGROUND: Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease affecting millions of individuals worldwide. …”
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    Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) plays a role in controlling cutaneous leishmaniasis in vivo, but does not require activation by parasite lipophosphoglycan
  13. 3053
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    Monthly Distribution of Phlebotomine Sand Flies, and Biotic and Abiotic Factors Related to Their Abundance, in an Urban Area to Which Visceral Leishmaniasis Is Endemic in Corumbá, Brazil
  14. 3054
    “…BACKGROUND: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a major health problem in Iran in spite of implementation of control program. …”
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    Faunal Distribution and Seasonal Bio-Ecology of Naturally Infected Sand Flies in a New Endemic Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Focus of Southern Iran
  15. 3055
    “…Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL), caused by the intracellular protozoan Leishmania donovani, is characterized by relentlessly increasing visceral parasite replication, cachexia, massive splenomegaly, pancytopenia and ultimately death. …”
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    Transcriptional Profiling in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis Reveals a Broad Splenic Inflammatory Environment that Conditions Macrophages toward a Disease-Promoting Phenotype
  16. 3056
    “…Turkey is located in an important geographical location, in terms of the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases, linking Asia and Europe. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the endemic diseases in a Turkey and according to the Ministry Health of Turkey, 45% of CL patients originate from Şanlıurfa province located in southeastern Turkey. …”
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    Epidemiological analysis of Leishmania tropica strains and giemsa-stained smears from Syrian and Turkish leishmaniasis patients using multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT)
  17. 3057
    “…The following species, associated with the transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Amazonian Brazil, were captured: Nyssomyia umbratilis (3,388), Psychodopygus squamiventris maripaensis (995), Ny. anduzei (550), Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis (400), Ny. whitmani (291), Ps. paraensis (116), and Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (50). …”
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    Natural Leishmania (Viannia) infections of phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) indicate classical and alternative transmission cycles of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Guiana Shield, Brazil
  18. 3058
    “…BACKGROUND: Leishmaniasis is a rapidly expanding zoonosis that shows increasing urbanization. …”
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    Visceral leishmaniasis in an environmentally protected area in southeastern Brazil: Epidemiological and laboratory cross-sectional investigation of phlebotomine fauna, wild hosts and canine cases
  19. 3059
    “…The role of hypoxia on myeloid cell functions during visceral leishmaniasis has not yet been studied. Here we show that L. donovani promotes the output from the bone marrow of monocytes with a regulatory phenotype that function as safe targets for the parasite. …”
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    HIF-1α is a key regulator in potentiating suppressor activity and limiting the microbicidal capacity of MDSC-like cells during visceral leishmaniasis
  20. 3060
    “…Background: Forty-four strains isolated from a cohort of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) patients who did or did not respond to one course of treatment with meglumine antimoniate were investigated to explore genetic polymorphisms in parasite kinetoplast DNA minicircles. …”
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    Genotypic profiles of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis strains from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients and their relationship with the response to meglumine antimoniate treatment: a pilot study
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