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  1. 3241
    “…Leishmania braziliensis is the most important causal agent of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL), and 3 to 5% of patients develop mucosal lesions. …”
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    The Presence of Leishmania braziliensis DNA in the Nasal Mucosa of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Patients and the Search for Possible Clinical and Immunological Patterns of Disease Progression: A Cross Sectional Study
  2. 3242
    “…Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a chronic and often fatal disease caused by protozoans of the genus Leishmania that affects millions of people worldwide. …”
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    Multifunctional, TNF-α and IFN-γ-Secreting CD4 and CD8 T Cells and CD8(High) T Cells Are Associated With the Cure of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis
  3. 3243
    “…Evidence from systematic review also suggests benefits of ITN roll out in reducing the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and other vector borne diseases. METHODS: Using a community-based cross-sectional study design, ITN use, factors associated with non-use of ITNs, and occurrence of sand flies were investigated in three communities with reported cases of CL in the Oti region of Ghana. …”
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    Insecticide-treated net (ITN) use, factors associated with non-use of ITNs, and occurrence of sand flies in three communities with reported cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ghana
  4. 3244
    “…We report a 41-year-old male presenting with recurrent leishmaniasis, hypogammaglobulinemia, and myopathy. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) identified a missense variant in the CD40LG gene (c.107T>A, p.M36K), involving the transmembrane domain of the protein and a missense variant in the carnitine palmitoyl-transferase II (CPT2; c.593C>G; p.S198C) gene, leading to the diagnosis of hypomorphic XHIGM and CPT2 deficiency stress-induced myopathy. …”
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    Variants Disrupting CD40L Transmembrane Domain and Atypical X-Linked Hyper-IgM Syndrome: A Case Report With Leishmaniasis and Review of the Literature
  5. 3245
    “…BACKGROUND: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Leishmania spp. and transmitted by female sandflies. …”
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    Knowledge, attitude, and practices towards cutaneous leishmaniasis in referral cases with cutaneous lesions: A cross-sectional survey in remote districts of southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
  6. 3246
    “…Patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) due to Leishmania braziliensis infection have an exacerbated inflammatory response associated with tissue damage and ulcer development. …”
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    Pioglitazone, a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Agonist, Downregulates the Inflammatory Response in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Patients Without Interfering in Leishmania braziliensis Killing by Monocytes
  7. 3247
    “…BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a lethal parasitic disease, transmitted by sand fly vectors. …”
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    Immunoinformatics Evaluation of a Fusion Protein Composed of Leishmania infantum LiHyV and Phlebotomus kandelakii Apyrase as a Vaccine Candidate against Visceral Leishmaniasis
  8. 3248
    “…Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients co-infected with HIV (VL/HIV patients) experience frequent treatment failures, VL relapses, opportunistic infections, and higher mortality. …”
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    Following successful anti-leishmanial treatment, neutrophil counts, CD10 expression and phagocytic capacity remain reduced in visceral leishmaniasis patients co-infected with HIV
  9. 3249
    “…Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a continually spreading health problem in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. …”
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    Eight-Year Trend Analysis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Cases in West Amhara Region Referred to Amhara Public Health Institute Northwest, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study
  10. 3250
    “…Background: In North African countries, zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is a seasonal disease linked to Phlebotomus papatasi, Scopoli, 1786, the primary proven vector of L. major dynamics. …”
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    Seasonal Patterns of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by L. major and Transmitted by Phlebotomus papatasi in the North Africa Region, a Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis
  11. 3251
    “…ABSTRACT: Sand flies are dipterans of medical importance, as some species are vectors of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL). The municipality of João Pessoa (Paraíba, northeastern Brazil), is an endemic region for AVL, having high rates of human and canine cases. …”
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    Ecological Aspects of the Phlebotominae Fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) among Forest Fragments and Built Areas in an Endemic Area of American Visceral Leishmaniasis in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
  12. 3252
    “…Visceral leishmaniasis is a major, life-threatening parasitic disease that still remains a serious public health problem in Ethiopia. …”
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    Epidemiological, clinical and hematological profiles of visceral leishmaniasis among patients visiting Tefera Hailu Memorial Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia: a 4 year retrospective study
  13. 3253
    “…Vaccination is considered the most appropriate way to control visceral leishmaniasis (VL). With this background, the r-LdODC protein as well as its derived HLA-DRB1-restricted synthetic peptides (P1: RLMPSAHAI, P2: LLDQYQIHL, P3: GLYHSFNCI, P4: AVLEVLSAL, and P5: RLPASPAAL) were validated in BALB/c mice against visceral leishmaniasis. …”
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    Validating Immunomodulatory Responses of r-LdODC Protein and Its Derived HLA-DRB1 Restricted Epitopes against Visceral Leishmaniasis in BALB/c Mice
  14. 3254
    “…Most infected people develop a subclinical latent infection, but some develop progressive visceral leishmaniasis. Malnutrition is a risk factor for the development of active VL. …”
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    Malnutrition-related parasite dissemination from the skin in visceral leishmaniasis is driven by PGE(2)-mediated amplification of CCR7-related trafficking of infected inflammatory monocytes
  15. 3255
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    Slit-skin smear in post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis and leprosy: How a negative report for Leishman-Donovan bodies in Giemsa stain may indicate leprosy
  16. 3256
    “…The prevalence of autochthonous leishmaniasis in Thailand is increasing but the natural vectors that are responsible for transmission remain unknown. …”
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    Natural infection with Leishmania (Mundinia) martiniquensis supports Culicoides peregrinus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as a potential vector of leishmaniasis and characterization of a Crithidia sp. isolated from the midges
  17. 3257
    “…BACKGROUND: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is a worldwide disease, endemic in 88 countries, that has shown an increasing incidence over the last two decades. …”
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    Double blind, randomized controlled trial, to evaluate the effectiveness of a controlled nitric oxide releasing patch versus meglumine antimoniate in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis [NCT00317629]
  18. 3258
    por Howard, JG, Hale, C, Liew, FY
    Publicado 1981
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    Immunological regulation of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. IV. Prophylactic effect of sublethal irradiation as a result of abrogation of suppressor T cell generation in mice genetically susceptible to leishmania tropica
  19. 3259
    “…We have developed a model of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major that seeks to mimic the natural conditions of infection. 1,000 metacyclic promastigotes were coinoculated with a salivary gland sonicate (SGS) obtained from a natural vector, Phlebotomus papatasii, into the ear dermis of naive mice or of mice preexposed to SGS. …”
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    Development of a Natural Model of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Powerful Effects of  Vector Saliva and Saliva Preexposure on the Long-Term Outcome of Leishmania major Infection in the Mouse Ear Dermis
  20. 3260
    “…BACKGROUND: There is significant variation in Amphotericin B (AMB) efficacy and relapses in antimony unresponsive visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases over a period of time (10–15 years). …”
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    A controlled, randomized nonblinded clinical trial to assess the efficacy of amphotericin B deoxycholate as compared to pentamidine for the treatment of antimony unresponsive visceral leishmaniasis cases in Bihar, India
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