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  1. 4301
    “…Furthermore, in developing vaccines for leishmaniasis, it is necessary to consider a proper adjuvant and/or delivery system to promote an antigen specific immune response. …”
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    C-Terminal Domain Deletion Enhances the Protective Activity of cpa/cpb Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles against Leishmania major in BALB/c Mice
  2. 4302
    por Zhang, Li, Ma, Yajun, Xu, Jiannong
    Publicado 2013
    “…BACKGROUND: Phlebotomus chinensis is a primary vector of visceral leishmaniasis; it occurs in various biotopes with a large geographical distribution, ranging from Yangtze River to northeast China. …”
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    Genetic differentiation between sandfly populations of Phlebotomus chinensis and Phlebotomus sichuanensis (Diptera: Psychodidae) in China inferred by microsatellites
  3. 4303
    “…Efficient vaccination against the parasite Leishmania major, the causative agent of human cutaneous leishmaniasis, requires development of type 1 T-helper (Th1) CD4(+) T cell immunity. …”
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    Targeting Leishmania major Antigens to Dendritic Cells In Vivo Induces Protective Immunity
  4. 4304
    “…During a blood meal, Lutzomyia intermedia sand flies transmit Leishmania braziliensis, a parasite causing tegumentary leishmaniasis. In experimental leishmaniasis, pre-exposure to saliva of most blood-feeding sand flies results in parasite establishment in absence of any skin damages in mice challenged with dermotropic Leishmania species together with saliva. …”
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    Repeated Exposure to Lutzomyia intermedia Sand Fly Saliva Induces Local Expression of Interferon-Inducible Genes Both at the Site of Injection in Mice and in Human Blood
  5. 4305
    “…Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTDs), endemic in 88 countries, affecting more than 12 million people. …”
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    Antileishmanial Activity of Semisynthetic Lupane Triterpenoids Betulin and Betulinic Acid Derivatives: Synergistic Effects with Miltefosine
  6. 4306
    “…The antigens used in these assays may have low specificity due to cross reactivity with antigens from related parasite infections, such as leishmaniasis, and low sensitivity caused by the high polymorphism among T. cruzi strains. …”
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    Genome-Wide Screening and Identification of New Trypanosoma cruzi Antigens with Potential Application for Chronic Chagas Disease Diagnosis
  7. 4307
    “…Taken together, these results show that the antileishmanial effect of LQB-118 extends to L. braziliensis in the hamster model, involves the induction of parasite apoptosis and shows promising therapeutic option by oral or local routes in leishmaniasis.…”
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    Pterocarpanquinone LQB-118 Induces Apoptosis in Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Controls Lesions in Infected Hamsters
  8. 4308
    “…CONCLUSIONS: Our findings from an old urban focus of leishmaniasis demonstrate that phlebotomine sand flies have adapted fairly well to the drastic environmental changes that have occurred in cities of the Western world in the past century and still represent a potential risk for Leishmania transmission.…”
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    Persistence of phlebotomine Leishmania vectors in urban sites of Catania (Sicily, Italy)
  9. 4309
    “…ADO+AMP mimicked exacerbative effects of P. papatasi saliva in leishmaniasis, increasing parasite burden and cutaneous lesions. …”
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    Nucleosides Present on Phlebotomine Saliva Induce Immunossuppression and Promote the Infection Establishment
  10. 4310
    “…Chemotherapy against visceral leishmaniasis is associated with high toxicity and drug resistance. …”
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    Immucillins Impair Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi and Leishmania (L.) amazonensis Multiplication In Vitro
  11. 4311
    “…BACKGROUND: Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by various species of the protozoan parasites of the Leishmania genus and transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies. …”
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    In vitro biological action of aqueous extract from roots of Physalis angulata against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis
  12. 4312
    “…Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a life-threatening protozoal infection chiefly impinging the rural and poor population in the tropical and sub-tropical countries. …”
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    Leishmanicidal Activity of Piper nigrum Bioactive Fractions is Interceded via Apoptosis In Vitro and Substantiated by Th1 Immunostimulatory Potential In Vivo
  13. 4313
    “…BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar in the Indian sub-continent (ISC), is a major public health concern in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal, where it is caused by Leishmania donovani transmitted by the sand fly Phlebotomus argentipes. …”
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    Implication of vector characteristics of Phlebotomus argentipes in the kala-azar elimination programme in the Indian sub-continent
  14. 4314
    “…Surprisingly, this inhibitor increased the antileishmanial effect of Sb(III), suggesting that this association might be a valuable strategy for leishmaniasis chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Our findings represent the first study of NDKb and EF2 genes overexpression that demonstrates an increase of Sb(III) resistance in L. braziliensis which can contribute to develop new strategies for leishmaniasis treatment.…”
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    Involvement of nucleoside diphosphate kinase b and elongation factor 2 in Leishmania braziliensis antimony resistance phenotype
  15. 4315
    “…(V.) braziliensis isolates obtained from cutaneous leishmaniasis samples identified throughout French Guiana with next-generation sequencing and de novo sequence assembly. …”
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    Unraveling the genetic diversity and phylogeny of Leishmania RNA virus 1 strains of infected Leishmania isolates circulating in French Guiana
  16. 4316
    “…BACKGROUND: Entomological surveillance of sand fly vectors was carried out to support leishmaniasis prevention and control measures in areas affected by the São Francisco River Transposition Project. …”
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    Sand fly (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) abundance and diversity in areas affected by the São Francisco River transposition project in Ceará State, Brazil
  17. 4317
    “…Characterizing anti-saliva immune responses in individuals living in well defined leishmaniasis endemic areas would provide valuable insights regarding their effect on parasite transmission and establishment in humans. …”
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    Human cellular and humoral immune responses to Phlebotomus papatasi salivary gland antigens in endemic areas differing in prevalence of Leishmania major infection
  18. 4318
    “…Ly6C(hi) inflammatory monocytes (iMO) are critical for host defense against toxoplasmosis and malaria but their role in leishmaniasis is unclear. In this study, we report a detrimental role of Ly6C(hi) iMOs in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania donovani. …”
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    Ly6C(hi) inflammatory monocytes promote susceptibility to Leishmania donovani infection
  19. 4319
    “…They have also been associated with regulation of immune responses in many human diseases during recent years. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe form of leishmaniasis, which is characterized by impairment of both innate and adaptive immune responses. …”
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    Leishmania donovani Activates Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α and miR-210 for Survival in Macrophages by Downregulation of NF-κB Mediated Pro-inflammatory Immune Response
  20. 4320
    “…In our study, the emergence of S- phenotypes correlates with the inclusion of L. killicki (syn: L. tropica) isolates that cause cutaneous leishmaniasis and that have emerged in Algeria during the last decade. …”
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    Antimony susceptibility of Leishmania isolates collected over a 30-year period in Algeria
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