“…[Image: see text] Leishmaniasis is a collection of diseases caused by more than 20 Leishmania parasite species that manifest as either visceral, cutaneous, or mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: Leishmaniasis is one of the most neglected tropical diseases and is spread mainly in impoverished regions of the world. …”
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“…Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a form of leishmaniasis, which causes significant mortality if untreated. …”
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“…Yet very little is known about the molecular characteristics of salivary proteins from different sandflies, particularly from vectors transmitting visceral leishmaniasis, the fatal form of the disease. Further knowledge of the repertoire of these salivary proteins will give us insights into the molecular evolution of these proteins and will help us select relevant antigens for the development of a vector based anti-Leishmania vaccine. …”
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“…Our results support the role of T cells as important local effector cells in the healing response of murine cutaneous leishmaniasis. We suggest that local T lymphocyte infiltration may provide lymphokines, particularly IFN-gamma, that can activate infected macrophages to destroy the intracellular parasites. …”
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“…Recent studies have shown that mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL), a severe and debilitating form of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) caused by Leishmania braziliensis infection, is accompanied by high circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. …”
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“…Nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) is required for the resolution of acute cutaneous leishmaniasis in resistant C57BL/6 mice. As is the case in several other infections, the clinically cured host organism still harbors small amounts of live Leishmania major parasites. …”
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“…Furthermore, attempts at therapeutic activation of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells with α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) during L. donovani infection exacerbated, rather than ameliorated, experimental visceral leishmaniasis. The inability of α-GalCer to promote anti-parasitic immunity did not result from inefficient antigen presentation caused by infection because α-GalCer–loaded bone marrow–derived dendritic cells were also unable to improve disease resolution. …”
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“…Thus, targeting L-arginine metabolism might be a promising therapeutic strategy against leishmaniasis, especially in children and young adults.…”
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“…We used time-series analysis and linear regression to investigate the relationship between the annual Niño-3 index from 1980 to 1998 and the annual incidence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the State of Bahia, Brazil, during 1985–1999. …”
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“…The aim of this study was to detect antibodies against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in dogs seropositive and seronegative for leishmaniasis. Sera from 836 dogs (449 positive and 387 negative to leishmaniasis) were analysed by ELISA and the immunodiffusion test using gp43 and exoantigen, respectively. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in the highlands of Ethiopia, and almost always caused by Leishmania aethiopica. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: While three countries in South Asia decided to eliminate anthroponotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) by 2015, its control in other regions seems fraught with difficulties. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: Leishmaniasis is a chronic disease that is found in various countries of the world. …”
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“…The dog is the most important domestic reservoir of the protozoa Leishmania (L.) chagasi that causes visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The similarity of VL manifestation in humans and dogs renders the study of canine VL nephropathy of interest with regard to human pathology. …”
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“…FINDINGS: This study included 710 dogs living in an endemic area of leishmaniasis. Forty percent (285/710) exhibited clinical signs consistent with CanL. …”
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“…Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease that is increasing globally at an alarming rate. …”
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