“…DATA TYPE AND REPRESENTATIONS Positional Number Systems Number System Conversion Negative Numbers Binary Arithmetic Unconventional Number System Binary Codes Error Detecting and Correcting Codes CAD System BOOLEAN ALGEBRA Logic Operations Logic Functions from Truth Tables Boolean Algebra MINIMIZATION OF LOGIC FUNCTIONS Karnaugh Map Incompletely Specified Functions in K-Map K-Maps for Product-of-sum Form of Functions Map-entered Variables Hazards Single-output Q-M Tabular Reduction Multiple-output Q-M Tabular reduction                               LOGIC FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATION Introduction Functionally Complete Operation Sets NAND-only and NOR-only Implementations Function Implementation Using XOR and XNOR Logic Circuit Implementation Using Gate Arrays Logic Function Implementation Using Multiplexers Logic Function Implementation Using Demultiplexers andecoders Logic Function Implementation Using ROM Logic Function Implementation Using PLD Logic Function Implementation Using Threshold Logic Logic Function Implementation Using Transmission Gates INTRODUCTION TO VHDL VHDL Programming Environment Structural VHDL Functional VHDL Behavioral VHDL Hierarchical VHDL Logic Circuit Synthesis with Xilinx WebPACK ISE Project Navigator Simulation of Timing Characteristics Logic Circuit Implementation with FPGA Device DESIGN OF MODULAR COMBINATORIAL COMPONENTS Introduction Special-purpose Decoders and Encoders Code Converters Error-detecting and Error-correcting Circuits Binary Arithmetic Binary Subtraction High-Speed Addition BCD Arithmetic Comparators Combinatorial Circuit Design Using VHDL Arithmetic Logic Unit ALU Design Using VHDL SEQUENTIAL LOGIC ELEMENTS Latches Set-Reset Flip-Flop JK Flip-Flop Master-Slave Flip-Flop Edge-Triggered Flip-Flop Delay and Trigger Flip-Flop Monostable Flip-Flop Design of Sequential Elements Using VHDL Sequential Circuits SYNCHRONOUS SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS Formalism Mealy and Moore Models Analysis of Sequential Circuits Equivalent States Incompletely Specified Sequential Circuits State Assignments Design Algorithm Synchronous Sequential Circuit Implementation Using VHDL MODULAR SEQUENTIAL COMPONENTS Synchronous Counters Registers Shift Registers as Counters Counter and Register Applications RTL Registers and Counters Using VHDL SEQUENTIAL ARITHMETIC Serial Adder/Subtracter Serial-Parallel Multiplication Fast Multiplication Implementation of Sequential Arithmetic in VHDL ASYNCHRONOUS SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS Pulse Mode Circuits Fundamental Mode Circuits Cycles, Races, and Hazards Fundamental Mode Outputs INTRODUCTION TO TESTABILITY Controllability and Observability Deterministic Testability versus Random Testability Test of Integrated Circuits Fault Models Test Sets and Test Generation Topology-based Testability Analysis Simulation-based Testability Analysis Fault Analysis and Fault-based Testability Analysis Testability Matrices Design-for-Testability.…”
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“…A contra-classical logic is a logic that, over the same language as that of classical logic, validates arguments that are not classically valid. …”
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“…Stig Kanger (1924-1988) made important contributions to logic and formal philosophy. Kanger's dissertation Provability in Logic, 1957, contained significant results in proof theory as well as the first fully worked out model-theoretic interpretation of quantified modal logic. …”
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“…From an intuitive point of view, this can be explained by recalling that the former is a very weak form of logic. Many important logical arguments, which are valid either in Birkhoff and von Neumann’s quantum logic or in classical logic, are generally violated.…”
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“…The manuscript of "The Traite De Logique Algorithmique" resulted from lectures Couturat gave at the University of Caen in 1898/99 on recent developments in symbolic logic, on the relations of logic and mathematics, and on the scope of the methods of mathematics. …”
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“…This has been accomplished by carefully studying the structural restrictions of linear logic modalities. Examples of such refinements are subexponentials, light linear logic, and soft linear logic. …”
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“…The classical van Benthem theorem characterizes modal logic as the bisimulation-invariant fragment of first-order logic; put differently, modal logic is as expressive as full first-order logic on bisimulation-invariant properties. …”
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“…Satisfiability checking for monotone modal logic is known to be (only) NP-complete. We show that this remains true when the logic is extended with alternation-free fixpoint operators as well as the universal modality; the resulting logic – the alternation-free monotone [Formula: see text]-calculus with the universal modality – contains both concurrent propositional dynamic logic (CPDL) and the alternation-free fragment of game logic as fragments. …”
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“…We investigate extensions of dependence logic with generalized quantifiers. We also introduce and investigate the notion of a generalized atom. …”
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“…This book is a sequel to the classic work, Fallacies Selected Papers 1972 - 1982 (1989), coauthored with Douglas Walton, and is a further major contribution to the Woods-Walton Approach to the logic of fallacious reasoning No one disputes the formitable accomplishments of modern mathematical logic; but equally no one seriously believes that classical logic is much good for the analysis of real-life argument and reasoning, or that it is the best place in which to transact the business of fallacy theory One of the principal innovations of the book is its adaptation of systems of logic to the particular requirements of fallacy theory The book develops logical analyses which take into account such features of real-life cognitive agency as resource- availability and computational complexity The book is also an invitation to interdisciplinary cooperation, linking the relevant branches of logic with computer science, cognitive psychology, neurobiology, forensic science, linguistics, (including conversational analysis and discourse analysis) and argumentation theory Another distinctive feature of Woods’ approach to fallacy theory is its recognition of the highly defeasible character of fallacy-attributions On this view, reasoning is fallacious only in relation to the cognitive target that the reasoner seeks to hit, the standard required for its attainment, and the cognitive resources available to the reasoner Accordingly the so-called Standard Treatment of the fallacies is seriously misconceived Getting the fallacies right is an extremely important task for logic, indeed a central part of its mandate It is a task much more avowed than performed The Death of Argument is a major attempt to redress this inbalance…”
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“…Stalnaker (Philosophical Studies, 128(1), 169–199 2006) introduced a combined epistemic-doxastic logic that can formally express a strong concept of belief, a concept of belief as ‘subjective certainty’. …”
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“…Clinical decision support (CDS) systems with complex logic are being developed. Ensuring the quality of CDS is imperative, but there is no consensus on testing standards. …”
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“…Logical investigations in cognitive science have successfully utilized methods and systems of belief revision, non-monotonic logic and dynamic epistemic logic. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: The HeartLogic algorithm measures data from multiple implantable cardioverter-defibrillator-based (ICD) sensors and combines them into a single index. …”
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