“…Based on these findings a diagnosis of slow-growing malignant melanoma was made. Simultaneously, a well-defined blue papule was seen on the proximal third of the same arm. …”
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“…The final diagnosis was cutaneous horn malignant melanoma. This pathological entity is considered a specific form of verrucous melanoma, and might be added to the list of cutaneous horn-forming lesions.…”
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“…Visceral metastases from malignant melanoma (stage M1c) confer a very poor prognosis, as documented on the most recent revised version of the TNM/AJCC staging system. …”
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“…The strategy of immune modulation for the treatment of cancer is being refined with the introduction of multiple new therapeutic agents into the clinic. Melanoma is a disease where many of these agents have demonstrated efficacy. …”
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“…Amelanotic melanoma is a variant of malignant melanoma comprising 2% to 8% of all malignant melanomas. …”
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“…Spitzoid melanoma is a subtype of melanoma that, clinically and histologically, resembles a Spitz nevus. …”
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“…Primary melanoma of the gastrointestinal tract is exceedingly rare. …”
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“…Approximately 3-15% of all malignant melanomas (MM) are familial cases. MM is a highly heterogeneous tumour type from a genetic perspective. …”
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“…Uveal melanoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the eye in adults, predominantly found in Caucasians. …”
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“…Positive results were also seen with combined dabrafenib and trametinib in patients with BRAF V600E/K metastatic melanoma and encorafenib plus binimetinib in BRAFV600-mutant cutaneous melanoma. …”
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“…Desmoplastic melanomas are rare amelanotic melanomas that usually occur on skin with sun exposure. …”
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“…Cutaneous melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer, and is correlated with a large proportion of skin cancer-related deaths. …”
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“…The UPR (unfolded protein response) has been identified as a key factor in the progression and metastasis of cancers, notably melanoma. Several mediators of the UPR are upregulated in cancers, e.g., high levels of GRP78 (glucose-regulator protein 78 kDa) correlate with progression and poor outcome in melanoma patients. …”
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“…Desmoplastic melanoma (DM) is a rare variant of spindle-cell malignant melanoma. …”
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“…A few years ago therapeutic options in advanced melanoma were very limited and the prognosis was somber. …”
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“…Dysregulated protein kinase B alpha (PKB/AKT1) signaling has been increasingly implicated in melanoma metastasis to distant organs, especially the brain. …”
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“…The behavior of melanoma cells has traditionally been studied in vitro in two-dimensional cell culture with cells adhering to plastic dishes. …”
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