“…Interestingly, signs of autophagy are absent in both interneurons and neuroglia cells. Affected neurons have in common that they are projection neurons which receive strong and varied synaptic inputs, and possess the highest degree of neuronal activity. …”
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“…In addition, ER stress responses induced in the surrounding neuroglia may promote disease progression by coordinating damaging inflammatory responses, which help fuel a neurotoxic milieu. …”
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“…The BMPS provides a suitable and reliable model to investigate neuron-neuroglia function as well as pathogenic mechanisms in neurotoxicology.…”
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“…We also focus on animal models to allow the validation of the noradrenergic hypothesis of AD, including those based upon the immunotoxin-mediated ablation of LC based on saporin, a protein synthesis interfering agent, which offers selective and graded demise of LC neurons, Finally, we address how astrocytes, an abundant and functionally heterogeneous cell type of neuroglia maintaining homeostasis, may participate in the regulation of neurogenesis, a new strategy for preventing LC neuron loss.…”
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“…The observed permanent neuroglia remodeling after injury constitutes a major immunological change that may contribute to progressive retinal degeneration. …”
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“…The most frequent type of brain tumors is Glioma which commonly appears initially in the neuroglia in the central nervous system. They grow steadily and generally do not outspread to neighboring tissue of the brain. …”
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“…One of main causes of irreversible peripheral neurodegenerative diseases is dysfunction in Schwann cells, which are neuroglia unique to the peripheral nervous system (PNS). …”
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“…These PNSCs expressed neural-crest specific markers and showed multilineage differentiation potential into Schwann cells, neuroglia, neurons, and mesodermal cells. In addition, PNSCs showed therapeutic potential by releasing the neurotrophic factors, including glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor, nerve growth factor, and neurotrophin-3. …”
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“…The localization of lncRNA147410.3 in the brain and cells was proved in the nucleus of neuroglia through FISH assay. Furthermore, the function of lncRNA147410.3 on neuronal cell was confirmed that lncRNA147410.3 could affect proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of mouse microglia by positively regulating Hoxb3. …”
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“…The activated microglia were observed phagocytizing injured neurons, neuroglia cells, nerve fibers, and capillaries after the DTMUV infection. …”
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“…These findings suggest that ABCA7 is active in regular homeostasis in human neural cells, is regulated by cholesterol in a cell type-dependent manner, i.e., cholesterol depletion down-regulates it in human neuroglia but not neurons, and is incompatible with IL-1β and TNFα inflammatory responses in human microglia.…”
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“…A reduction in retinal thickness is an early indicator of diabetic retinopathy (DR), with progressive loss of neuroglia corresponding to DR severity. The brain undergoes similar pathophysiological events as the retina, which contribute to T2D-related cognitive decline. …”
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“…Selectivity of the initial damage for endothelium was suggested by (a) early breakdown (less than 1 h) of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) as shown by increased permeability to Evans blue (b) separation and increased vesiculation of endothelial cells at 2 h and (c) endothelial cell pyknosis at 3--4 h in small vessels next to apparently undamaged neurones and neuroglia. There was no damage to myelin sheaths, and astrocytes showed only end-feet oedema, a reaction to exudation of protein-rich fluid. …”
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“…Comparison of radioautographs taken before and after the migration disclosed that the external matrix cells give rise to a small number of neuroglia cells. This finding revealed their multipotential nature.…”
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“…Concerning the exact nature of the granules so fully reported by others before us, we hesitate to commit ourselves other than to indicate certain points of resemblance to nuclear débris, red blood cells in the process of phagocytosis, mitochondria, pigment, the "methylene blue granules" of neuroglia cells, and the Russell bodies of plasma cells. …”
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“…The objectives of this study were to differentiate the breast milk-derived stem cells (BMDSC) toward neural stem cells and then into the neurons and neuroglia. Materials and Methods. To do this, the BMDSC were isolated from human breast milk and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium/F12 (DMEM/F12) containing fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). …”
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“…Whereas the discovery of active channel conductances and their localized plasticity was the turning point for dendritic structures, the demonstration that glial cells release transmitter molecules and communicate across the neuroglia syncytium through calcium wave propagation constituted path-breaking discoveries for glial cell physiology. …”
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“…BoNT/A modulates SCI-induced neuroglia hyperreactivity, facilitating axonal restoration, and preventing secondary cells death and damage. …”
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“…Because P2X7Rs are localized in the CNS preferentially on microglia, but also at a lower density on neuroglia (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes) the stimulation of this receptor leads to the release of neurodegeneration-inducing bioactive molecules such as pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, proteases, reactive oxygen and nitrogen molecules, and the excitotoxic glutamate/ATP. …”
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“…Synthetic studies have suggested an adaptive immune mechanism mediated by CD8(+) T cells and an innate immune mechanism mediated by activated microglia and neuroglia. Accordingly, opinions have been raised that immunomodulatory treatments aimed at initial damage to the brain that are induced by cytotoxic CD8(+) T cell lymphocytes and microglia in the early stage of RE slow down disease progression. …”
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