“…Different authors have shown strong relationships between ordinal pattern based entropies and the Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy, including equality of the latter one and the permutation entropy, the whole picture is however far from being complete. …”
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“…On the resulting bivariate ordinal random variable, one can compute Goodman and Kruskal’s gamma coefficient, [Formula: see text] , which is a common measure of ordinal association. …”
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“…In general, Gwet’s AC2 and Brennan-Prediger’s κ with quadratic or ordinal weights are reliable against the grey zones. …”
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“…Then, we propose a new frequentist model averaging estimator and a valid confidence interval that are suitable for ordinal data. Goodness-of-fit test statistics for the model averaging estimator are also derived. …”
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“…Multivariate probit models are used to analyse correlated dichotomous data, and can be extended to model ordinal data. Within the context of an imperfect gold standard, they have previously been used for the analysis of dichotomous and ordinal test data from a single study, and for the meta‐analysis of dichotomous tests. …”
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“…However, recent work on ordinal multi-instance has used the traditional support vector machine to solve the multi-classification problem without utilizing the ordinal information regarding the instances in the bag. …”
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“…To date, a large number of active learning algorithms have been proposed, but active learning methods for ordinal classification are under-researched. For ordinal classification, there is a total ordering among the data classes, and it is natural that the cost of misclassifying an instance as an adjacent class should be lower than that of misclassifying it as a more disparate class. …”
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“…INTRODUCTION: The secondary, sometimes unintended effects of smoke-free ordinances have not been thoroughly evaluated. In this observational study, we evaluated the association of a local ordinance implemented in Madison, Wisconsin, with changes in public disturbances; smoking, drinking, and bar-going behaviors in the general population; and smoking and drinking behaviors among university students. …”
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“…Several observations suggest that overlearned ordinal categories (e.g., letters, numbers, weekdays, months) are processed differently than non-ordinal categories in the brain. …”
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“…Though traditional ordinal response modeling methods exist, they assume independence among the predictor variables and require the number of samples (n) to exceed the number of covariates (P) included in the model. …”
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“…The aim of this work was to propose heteroscedastic threshold models suitable for the genetic analysis of ordinal data. METHODS: In order to first fit the mean and variance of ordinal traits separately, we extended the classical threshold model (TM) for discrete data by introducing non-genetic and genetic factors of heterogeneity on the variance of its underlying variable, which leads to a homothetic threshold model HTM and its alternative parameterization HTM’ in which the thresholds of different individuals are linked by a homothetic-translation. …”
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“…For most of the time, biomedical researchers have been dealing with ordinal outcome variable in multilevel models where patients are nested in doctors. …”
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“…We propose a joint model to analyze the structure and intensity of the association between longitudinal measurements of an ordinal marker and time to a relevant event. The longitudinal process is defined in terms of a proportional‐odds cumulative logit model. …”
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