“…RATIONAL: With the prevalence of stroke increasing in the USA and the world along with increased survival and longevity due to medical advancements, it has become increasingly necessary to look at the chronic phase of stroke recovery. Previous paradigms of stroke treatment have proven ineffective when looking at 10, 15, or 20 years of survival post insult. …”
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“…Scopolamine (1 mg/kg), a cholinergic receptor blocker, administered 30 min after treatments, was used to induce memory impairment to all groups except the distilled water group on day 10 of drug treatment. The behavioral paradigms used to evaluate the effects of the treatment were the elevated plus maze for learning and memory, Y maze for spatial short-term memory, the novel object recognition for recognition memory and Morris water maze for the evaluation of spatial long-term memory. …”
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“…Our results suggest that detailed computational models of optogenetic perturbations are necessary to interpret the results of experimental paradigms. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Many useful computational mechanisms proposed for cortex require local excitatory recurrence to be very strong, such that local inhibitory feedback is necessary to avoid epileptiform runaway activity (an “inhibition-stabilized network” or “ISN” regime). …”
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“…This implies that different stimulation paradigms and more complex signal processing strategies will be required unless the brain is able to optimally combine both sources of information after adaptation during chronic use. …”
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“…Using in vivo Ca2+ miniature microscopic imaging, we characterize the role of D1 and D2 MSN in mono- and a cross- sensitization paradigms. D1- and D2-Cre mice were injected with a Cre dependent calcium indicator (gCaMP6f) and implanted with a gradient index (GRIN) lens above the nucleus accumbens and calcium activity was recorded using a head mounted miniature microscope. …”
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“…DISCUSSION: The current results highlight that sensory attenuation can be studied with ASSR-paradigms and that both primary auditory and superior temporal cortices underlie this effect. …”
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“…This study aimed to examine whether early schizophrenia patients displayed aberrant risky decision-making using two well-validated paradigms including Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART; Lejuez et al., 2002) and Risky-Gains Task (RGT; Paulus et al., 2003). …”
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“…For the mouse genes, we identified biomedical literature for curation and used Gene Ontology (GO) curation paradigms to provide functional annotations from these publications. …”
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“…Two hundred thirty-nine BC patients who underwent treatment > 5 years were excluded due to potential recall bias and changes in BC treatment paradigms. All subjects who did not complete the adaptive conjoint–based survey were also excluded due to inability to calculate preferences. …”
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“…DISCUSSION: A number of practical actions can help increase access to DAAs, including new research and development (R&D) paradigms; compassionate use, named‐patient and early access programmes; use of TRIPS flexibilities such as compulsory licences and patent oppositions; and parallel importation via buyers’ clubs. …”
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“…This enables a comparison of short and long-term gene therapy paradigms in the treatment of clinically-relevant cervical level contusion injuries in adult rats. …”
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“…Recent advances in understanding principal mechanisms that govern hearing function, together with new drug discovery paradigms designed to identify efficacious therapies, bode well for pharmaceutical intervention. …”
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“…We previously described a number of behavioral paradigms that assess phenotypes in the domains of motor performance, repetitive behavior, anxiety, and seizure susceptibility. …”
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“…Although this system is one of the paradigms of regulation in bacteria, the underlying mechanisms remain controversial. …”
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“…Aspergillus nidulans has long-been used as a model organism to gain insights into the genetic basis of asexual and sexual developmental processes both in other members of the genus Aspergillus, and filamentous fungi in general. Paradigms have been established concerning the regulatory mechanisms of conidial development. …”
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“…Overall, several novel experimental paradigms showed potential as social biomarkers or surrogate markers in ASD. …”
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“…The platform showed its usability with children with ASD and its reliability in the definition of paradigms for the study of motor learning while doing complex tasks, such as gait. …”
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“…Investigation of genes with enriched expression in heart or liver revealed nuanced interaction paradigms between organs: first, the log(2) ratios of heart:liver (or liver:heart) intrachromosomal interactions are higher in organ-specific gene sets (p = 0.009), suggesting that organ-specific genes have specialized chromatin structural features. …”
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“…Introducing tasks that promote, rather than limit, exploration of motor solutions seems to be a valuable exercise modality to strengthen kinematic synergies that cannot be achieved with traditional strengthening paradigms (e.g., S-MRT). Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03017365.…”
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“…BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a global concern, with the ongoing emergence of ceftriaxone and azithromycin resistance threatening current treatment paradigms. To monitor the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in N. gonorrhoeae, the World Health Organization (WHO) Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (GASP) has operated in the Western Pacific and South East Asian regions since 1992. …”
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