“…Historically, rat models of incubated cocaine craving employed extended-access (typically 6 h/day) intravenous drug self-administration (IV-SA) procedures, although incubated cocaine craving is reported to occur following shorter-access IV-SA paradigms. The notoriously low-throughput of extended-access IV-SA prompted us to determine whether two different short-access IV-SA procedures akin to those in the literature result in qualitatively similar changes in glutamate receptor expression and the activation of downstream signaling molecules within prefrontal cortex (PFC) subregions as those reported previously by our group under 6h-access conditions. …”
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“…There is also a need to acknowledge the history of harm reduction as a drug-user activist movement aimed at challenging bio-medical paradigms of drug use. Further, there is a need to recognize that academic research may be contributing to health inequity by not prioritizing research with this lens. …”
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“…However, recent studies in Candida albicans and other species have revealed significant genotypic and phenotypic diversity within clinical isolates that are challenging paradigms regarding key virulence factors and their regulation. …”
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“…Introduction: To evaluate the pharmacological profile of ocular formulations based on cross-linked sodium hyaluronate (CL-SH), taurine (Tau), vitamin B6 (Vit B6) and vitamin B12 (Vit B12) using in vitro and in vivo paradigms. Methods: Rabbit corneal epithelial cells were used to assess wound healing and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation by scratch assay and oxidative stress (0.3 mM H(2)O(2); 30 min), respectively with or without ocular formulations exposure. …”
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“…Future research is needed with larger samples, adults without obesity, and inhibition paradigms with both behavioral and cognitive components. …”
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“…Preliminary clinical findings, supported by preclinical studies employing behavioral paradigms such as marble burying, suggest that psilocybin may be effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder. …”
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“…More research is needed to explore the needs of diverse populations, particularly regarding differences in cultural and family paradigms as current research reports the experiences of westernised nuclear family experiences. …”
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“…The ensemble-based DL techniques for risk stratification in CVD are likely to supersede the SDL and HDL paradigms. Due to the reliability, high accuracy, and faster execution on dedicated hardware, these DL methods for CVD risk assessment are powerful and promising. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an established chronic pain treatment, but the effectiveness of traditional, open-loop paradigms has been plagued by variable sustainability in a real-world setting. …”
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“…Data from different observational levels as defined in the Research Domain Criteria (genetics, physiology, neuropsychology, system-level neuroimaging, behavior, self-report, and experimental neurocognitive paradigms) are collected over four time points. Included are adult (aged ≥18 years), nonpsychotic, psychiatric patients with a clinical diagnosis of a stress-related disorder (mood disorder, anxiety disorder, or substance use disorder) or a neurodevelopmental disorder (autism spectrum disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder). …”
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“…Expert panels have stressed the importance of cardiometabolic risk assessment in the clinic and proposed evaluating key risks using consensus paradigms. Yet, there is a gap in real-world evidence for implementation of comprehensive cardiometabolic care for men with prostate cancer. …”
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“…The FOXFIRE trial will establish the potential role of adding SIRT to first-line chemotherapy for unresectable liver metastatic colorectal cancer, and the impact on current treatment paradigms for metastatic CRC. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN83867919…”
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“…BACKGROUND: Changing eating behaviour may be challenging for individuals with obesity and this may be related to attentional bias towards food. Previous paradigms used to assess attentional bias to food stimuli have not distinguished between bottom-up processes related to assessment of rewarding stimuli versus top-down processes related to effects of mind-set on attention. …”
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“…Most of the tools for studying RHC were developed based on predefined resilient constructs and have been categorised into three categories: performance variability and Work As Done, cornerstone capabilities for resilience, and integration with other safety management paradigms. Tools for studying RHC currently exist but have yet to be fully implemented. …”
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“…Findings from our project have the potential to shift current research and clinical paradigms by testing a brief and scalable intervention that could reduce the need for opioids and prevent misuse effectively, efficiently, and economically. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: Researchers discover LncRNA–miRNA regulatory paradigms modulate gene expression patterns and drive major cellular processes. …”
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“…Few-Shot Learning (FSL) paradigms tackle this issue by learning a novel category from a small number of annotated instances. …”
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“…However, using visual search paradigms, previous reaction-time-based research failed, in general, to find evidence for increased spatial attention toward negative facial expressions and reduced spatial attention toward positive facial expressions in depressed individuals. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: The non-receptor tyrosine kinase Abelson (Abl) is a key player in oncogenesis, with kinase inhibitors serving as paradigms of targeted therapy. Abl also is a critical regulator of normal development, playing conserved roles in regulating cell behavior, brain development and morphogenesis. …”
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“…Based on our pathophysiological model of irritability implicating frustrative non-reward, aberrant threat processing and instrumental learning, we probe these three brain-based targets using functional MRI paradigms to assess target engagement. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The research project and all related materials were submitted and approved by the appropriate Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). …”
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