“…The extension of intellectual property rights into the realm of biology has emerged as an increasing focus of controversy in relation to science,(2) biodiversity,(3) agriculture,(4) health,(5) development,(6) human rights(7) and trade.(8) This paper presents the results of a review of international trends in activity for patent protection between 1990-2000 and provisional data to 2004 and 2005 from over 70 national patent offices, four regional patent offices and the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) using the European Patent Office esp@cenet worldwide database.(9) The review employed patent publication counts as an indicator of activity for traditional medicines, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and biotechnology. …”
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“…In this paper, we describe a new algorithm that uses high-resolution geolocation to disambiguate both inventors and assignees on about 8.5 million patents found in the European Patent Office (EPO), under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), and in the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). …”
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“…The Cooperative Patent Classifications (CPC) recently developed cooperatively by the European and US Patent Offices provide a new basis for mapping patents and portfolio analysis. …”
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“…A patent umbilical vein is a rare condition in healthy volunteers, but can be detected in up to 11% of patients with liver cirrhosis as a consequence of portal hypertension. …”
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“…A patent foramen ovale is a common intracardiac finding that is located between the left and right atrium. …”
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“…Hemostasis could be done in two approaches: traditional and patent. Our aim is to find the best approach with lowest complication. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: Observational studies favor percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) over medical treatment to reduce recurrent stroke while randomized trials fail to demonstrate significant superiority of percutaneous PFO closure. …”
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“…India, like many developing countries, only recently began to grant pharmaceutical product patents. Indian patent law includes a provision, Section 3(d), which tries to limit grant of “secondary” pharmaceutical patents, i.e. patents on new forms of existing molecules and drugs. …”
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“…Due to the complex structure of subtidal oyster reefs, one effective and efficient means to sample is by patent tongs, rather than SCUBA, dredges, or bottom cores. …”
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“…OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to investigate the safety and efficacy of oral paracetamol versus oral ibuprofen in the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: Catheter based treatment has gained wide acceptance for management of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ever since its introduction. …”
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“…INTRODUCTION: Posterolateral thoracotomy was the access of choice in surgical treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) for many years before the introduction of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). …”
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“…OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of patent expiry on drug prices by means of a systematic literature review. …”
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“…AIM: To test the potential association between atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) and migraine in patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure patients through an observational, single-center, case-controlled study. …”
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“…Here, we present three cases of cryptogenic strokes in patients with patent foramen ovale where it possibly plays a significant role. …”
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