“…METHODS: We collected 35 years of annual data for 119 LDCs on life expectancy at birth and on four key socioeconomic indicators: economy, measured by log10 gross domestic product per capita at purchasing power parity; educational environment, measured by the literacy rate of the adult population aged 15 years and over; nutritional status, measured by the proportion of undernourished people in the population; and political regime, measured by the regime score from the Polity IV database. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…Larger effects are observed for patients residing in a nursing home for the elderly, patients entitled to increased reimbursement of co-payments, unemployed, patients treated in a primary care center financed per capita (and not fee-for-service) and patients having a chronic illness. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…The income status of countries was estimated using gross national income per capita data from 2003 from the World Bank website. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…RESULTS: Increased age standardised cancer registration rate sex ratio (M : F) was significantly associated with decreasing life expectancy (P=0.05), physician density (P=0.05), per capita health expenditure (P=0.05), GDP (P=0.01), education sex ratios (primary school enrolment sex ratio (P<0.01); secondary school enrolment sex ratio (P<0.01); adult literacy sex ratio (P<0.01)) and increasing proportion living on less than Int$1 per day (P=0.03). …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…More specifically, we tested how a predatory fish (hardhead catfish, Ariopsis felis) directly influenced their prey (mud crabs, Panopeus spp.) and indirectly affected basal resources (juvenile oysters, Crassostrea virginica), as well as whether these direct and indirect effects changed across a density gradient of competing prey. Per capita crab foraging rates were inversely influenced by crab density, but they were not affected by water-borne predator cues. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…Africa had the largest levels of funding per capita-at-risk, with most nations supported primarily by international aid. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…While medical cost was the predominant cost attribute in treating angina (74.3% of the total cost), premature death was the largest cost attribute for patients with MI (66.9%). Annual per-capita cost of treating MI, excluding premature death cost, was $3183, which is about 2 times higher than the cost for angina ($1556). …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…The economic benefits of these strategies ranged from being cost-saving to having incremental cost-effectiveness ratios less than $500 per YLS, well below Nigeria’s per capita GDP. CONCLUSIONS: Early intensive efforts to improve family planning and control of fertility choices, accompanied by a stepwise effort to scale-up capacity for integrated maternal health services over several years, will save lives and provide equal or greater value than many public health interventions we consider among the most cost-effective (e.g., childhood immunization).…”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…The estimated mean predation rate was 18.3 prey cat(−1) year(−1) but this varied markedly both spatially and temporally: per capita predation rates declined with increasing cat density. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…RESULTS: Data from this research showed that 80.1% of the children belonged to families that were below the bread line, with per capita income < ½ of the minimum wage at that time (R$ 350.00 approximately US$ 175.00). …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…RESULTS: The prevalences of self-treatment with a recall period of two-weeks were significantly higher in urban compared with rural areas (31.2% vs 14.9% in 1993, 43.5% vs 21.4% in 1998, 47.2% vs 31.4% in 2003, 31.0% vs 25.3% in 2008) in China. Economic (per capita income, TV, sanitary water) and individual (education, profession, family members, exercise) factors, as well as accessibility to drugs had a positive association with the probability of self-treating. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…CONCLUSION: The WTP/QALY values elicited in this study were approximately 0.4 to 2 times Thailand’s 2008 GDP per capita. These values were in line with previous studies conducted in several different settings. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…The stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to test for the relationship between the poorer oral aesthetic self-perception and parental and soldier’s education, per capita income, history of caries in all teeth and only on anterior teeth, dental trauma, previous orthodontic treatment and malocclusion. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) at a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of 3 times the per capita GDP of China. Sensitivity analyses were used to explore the impact of uncertainty regarding the results. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…Affordability of medicines was assessed by comparing the costs of treatment (medicines) to the monthly per capita expenditure (MPCE) on food, minimum monthly and daily wages for different classes of workers. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…The annual economic burden (with 95% certainty levels) was US$950m (US$610m–US$1,384m) or about US$1.65 (US$1.06–US$2.41) per capita. The annual number of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), based on the original 1994 definition, was 214,000 (120,000–299,000), which is equivalent to 372 (210–520) DALYs per million inhabitants. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…RESULTS: On average households spent 11% of their total budgets on health, half the residents spent 7% of the monthly per capita consumption expenditure for one illness, and nearly 9% of households faced financial catastrophe. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…The production ranking changed when the number of publications was normalised by population (Israel and Switzerland), by gross domestic product (Nepal and Tunisia), and by gross national income per capita (India and Ethiopia). For geographical area, Europe led (31.7%), followed by Latin America (24.5%). …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…Sharing a meal likely reduces the per capita food intake of a hatchling, but it might also provide enough nutrition to prevent death by starvation during a particularly vulnerable stage. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…‘Triple Aim’ is the buzzword for the initiatives of the Obama-administration in the US and is referring to a famous article of Don Berwick et al. in 2008 in health affairs asking for better health, better health care, and lower per capita costs. A similar venture started already in 2006 in Germany. …”
Enlace del recurso