“…There is general consensus that the proton achieves its high diffusion through the Grotthuss mechanism, whereby protons hop from one molecule to the next. …”
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“…The transfer of protons through proton translocating channels is a complex process, for which direct samplings of different protonation states and side chain conformations in a transition network calculation provide an efficient, bias-free description. …”
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“…Purpose Intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) treatments are increasing, however, treatment planning remains complex and prone to variability. …”
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“…Our results show that the mobility of the proton is a prerequisite for the migration reaction. …”
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“…In water, proton diffusion occurs by hopping of protons between water molecules. …”
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“…The salts were characterized by low temperature Raman and infrared spectroscopy and for both protonated hexafluoridoarsenates, [(CH(2))(3)OCOH](+)[AsF(6)](−) and [(CH(2))(3)NHCOH](+)[AsF(6)](−), single‐crystal X‐ray structure analyses were conducted. …”
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“…Particle-based techniques (e.g., protons and carbon ions) may improve many of these shortcomings. …”
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“…A transparent and equitable process for selecting patients who will benefit most from treatment at the Australian Bragg Centre for Proton Therapy as well as providing cost benefit for the investment made by government for this valuable resource, needs to be in place as soon as the Centre becomes operational, particularly for patients with more common cancers. …”
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“…Purpose: In this study, the required dose rates for optimal treatment of tumoral tissues when using proton therapy in the treatment of defective tumours seen in mandibles has been calculated. …”
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“…Of the 800 G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) in humans, only three (GPR4, GPR65, and GPR68) regulate signaling in acidified microenvironments by sensing protons (H(+)). How these receptors have uniquely obtained this ability is unknown. …”
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“…Here, we posit that the Golgi represents a “proton sink” in cancer and delineate the proton channels involved in Golgi acidification and the ion channels that influence this process. …”
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“…The group of proton-sensing G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) consists of the four receptors GPR4, TDAG8 (GPR65), OGR1 (GPR68), and G2A (GPR132). …”
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“…The detection of H(+) concentration variations in the extracellular milieu is accomplished by a series of specialized and non-specialized pH-sensing mechanisms. The proton-activated G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) GPR4 (Gpr4), TDAG8 (Gpr65), and OGR1 (Gpr68) form a subfamily of proteins capable of triggering intracellular signaling in response to alterations in extracellular pH around physiological values, i.e., in the range between pH 7.5 and 6.5. …”
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“…However, there is a growing interest in the application of protons therapy for gastrointestinal cancers. This review summarizes the literature on the use of proton therapy in the management of pancreatic cancer. …”
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“…The aim of this review is to provide a concise and comprehensive summary on the use of proton therapy in the management of HCC. ABSTRACT: Proton radiation therapy plays a central role in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). …”
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“…Cells which can, independent of metabolism, acidify through proton exporter activity can sufficiently drive their metabolism towards glycolysis providing an important fitness advantage for survival. …”
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