“…The presence of a displaced vertex from the decay of long-lived hadrons, or the presence of a muon with significant transverse momentum relative to the jet axis, is used to select a jet sample enriched in $b$-jets and the invariant mass of the charged particle tracks forming the vertex is fitted to extract the fraction of jets from $b$-quark production. The inclusive cross section is measured as a function of the jet transverse momentum, in the range $20 < p_{mathrm{T}} < 260 $ GeV, and of rapidity, in the range $ 0 < |y| < 2.1$, such that jets are fully contained in the tracking detectors of ATLAS. …”
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“…Final states where the top decays leptonically through the chains $t \rightarrow Wb \rightarrow lb \nu$ are considered, and the full four momentum of the top quark is reconstructed from its decay products. Two complementary analyses are performed: a robust template fit analysis aiming to be model-independent based on the fit to a two variables distribution, and a multivariate analysis aiming to maximize the sensitivity of the measurement using a boosted decision tree discriminant. …”
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“…The search uses decays of the Higgs bosons to tau pairs, including the cases where the Higgs boson is produced in association with a b-quark jet (MSSM search) or two forward jets from vector boson fusion Higgs boson production (SM search), or where the tau pair has large transverse momentum (SM search). …”
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“…Single muons also provide access to heavy flavor production, which is expected to behave differently to the light quark sector at high transverse momentum. This document describes measurements performed using up to 9~pb$^{-1}$ of lead-lead collision data provided at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 2.76 GeV by the Large Hadron Collider and collected by the ATLAS Detector during November and December 2010.…”
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“…The longterm goal of the ALICE experiment is to provide a precise characterization of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) state. Such a determination of its properties including initial temperature, degrees of freedom, speed of sound, and in general, transport coefficients would be a major achievement. …”
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“…A refined version of a multi-step calculation of heavy-flavor observables in pp and AA collisions has been developed, based on pQCD at NLO accuracy followed by parton shower evolution to describe heavy-quark production and on the relativistic Langevin equation to describe their stochastic evolution in the QCD plasma. …”
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“…The primary goal of the heavy ion program at the LHC is to study the properties of deconfined strongly interacting matter, often referred to as ``quark-gluon plasma'' (QGP), created in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions. …”
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“…These detailed measurements at low- and high-$p_T$ provide new insights into the hydrodynamic picture of the Quark-Gluon Plasma and probe the path-length dependence of partonic energy loss in dense medium. …”
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“…This measurement of nuclear effects in absence of Quark Gluon Plasma formation will provide a clear and unambiguous reference for the study of Hot and Dense Matter (HDM) effects, a reference which is today needed to deduce an unambiguous interpretation of the results already obtained.…”
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“…Searches for the rare decays $B_d \to \mu \mu$ and $B_s \to \mu \mu$ have allowed to set limits on the branching fractions which are close to standard model predictions, strongly constraining new physics models. The top quark has been studied with great detail, obtaining among other results the world's best measurement of its mass at $m_t=173.49 \pm 0.43 (stat.…”
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“…Topics to discuss contain presumably Higgs boson observed at LHC and Tevatron (including alternative interpretations), exploratory searches for dark matter and dark energy, neutrino oscillations and the problem of neutrino mass, progress in the study of confinement in YM theory and beyond, quark-gluon plasma and other exotic states of matter, black holes (pro et contra), problems in QCD as the strong interaction theory. …”
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“…Information on the transversely polarized quark distributions $\Delta_{T} q(x)$ in the nucleon can be accessed by measuring the transverse $\Lambda$ and $\bar{\Lambda}$ polarizations, which refer to a spin correlation between the transversely polarized nucleons and $\Lambda s$. …”
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“…Nel Laboratorio europeo per la fisica delle particelle, il CERN di Ginevra, sta per vedere la luce uno dei più grandi progressi scientifici di tutti i tempi: la scoperta di un nuovo stato della materia, il cosiddetto "plasma di quark". La direttrice del CERN, Helena Le Guin, teme però che insieme al plasma si stiano formando grumi letali di materia strana, in grado di scatenare una reazione a catena che potrebbe distruggere l'intero pianeta. …”
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“…The decay vertices of particles with lifetimes of order 10 ps to 10 ns can be efficiently identified by the ATLAS and CMS detectors. In addition, in quark and gluons collisions it is easy to produce coloured objects like gluinos and squarks, which decay typically to jets and MET, while the cross sections for Electroweak productions are smaller and the mass reach substantially reduced. …”
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“…The main goals of the LHCb upgrade are to operate the experiment at higher instantaneous luminosities and to improve further the trigger efficiency for heavy quark decays to purely hadronic final states.…”
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“…The specific $J^P=2^+$ hypothesis is excluded with a confidence level above 99.9%, independently of the assumed contributions of gluon fusion and quark-antiquark annihilation processes in the production of the spin-2 particle.…”
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“…The final states presented require the presence of a $\tau$ lepton from $H^{\pm}$ decays, an isolated lepton ($e$ or $\mu$) from $W^{\pm}$ decay and jets from the top quark decays. No excess of events was observed with respect to the expected SM background. …”
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“…The decay vertices of particles with lifetimes of order 10 ps to 10 ns can be efficiently identified by the ATLAS and CMS detectors. In addition, in quark and gluons collisions it is easy to produce coloured objects like gluinos and squarks, which decay typically to jets and MET, while the cross sections for Electroweak productions are smaller and the mass reach substantially reduced. …”
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“…The measurement probes the QCD sector of the Standard Model at high energy, in a region where b-quark mass and double parton scattering play an important role. …”
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“…The concepts of parity, spin, charge conjugation, time reversal and gauge invariance are explained. The quark theory is introduced to explain the hadron structure and strong interactions. …”
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