“…Such decays are $c \to u$ quark transitions and take place via loop diagrams within the Standard Model. …”
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“…The currently most favored approach to model quarkonium production is non-relativistic quantum chromodynamics (NRQCD), taking advantage of the heavy quark masses to simplify QCD calculations. The experimental situation in the pre-LHC era was not satisfactory, given the ambiguous and inconsistent measurements of quarkonium polarization. …”
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“…To demonstrate the general strategy, we study a supersymmetric model wherein pair-produced gluinos each decay to a stable neutralino and a bottom quark-antiquark pair via an off-shell bottom squark. …”
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“…Bottomonia are important probes of the quark-gluon plasma since they are produced at early times and propagate through the medium, mapping its evolution. …”
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“…The LHCb detector performs searches for New Physics in CP-violating observables and rare heavy-quark decays at the LHC. A comprehensive upgrade is planned for the long shutdown of the LHC in 2018/19. …”
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“…Due to a large amount of possible diagrams for the $t\bar{t}\gamma$ process however, the next-to-leading order generators are not able to accurately describe photons radiated from the decay products of the top quark. Leading order generators on the other hand are able to have photons in the final state. …”
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“…The measurement is done by using events in which we have two high $p_{T}$ leptons (muons or electrons), missing transverse energy and atleast one jet identified as $b$-quark, in the final state. The cross section was value \begin{equation*} \sigma_{\tt} = 248.530 \pm 1.028 (stat.) …”
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“…Third-generation scalar leptoquarks with masses below 740 GeV are excluded, assuming a $100\%$ branching fraction for the leptoquark decay to a $\tau$ lepton and a bottom quark.…”
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“…A $95\%$ CL limit is set on the product of the leptoquark pair production cross section and $\beta^2$, where $\beta$ is the branching fraction of the leptoquark decay to a $\tau$ lepton and a b quark. Assuming $\beta=1$, the third-generation leptoquarks with masses below $900~\mathrm{GeV}$ are excluded at $95\%$ CL. …”
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“…The collaboration has also performed a measurement of ratios of the cross sections for the production of single Z bosons and top-quark pairs at various center-of-mass energies which exploit differences in the range of the probed parton momenta. …”
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“…These measurements can be used to constrain the parton densities of the proton, in particular in the quark and photon sectors. They also provide stringent tests of resummation effects and hard emissions for small and large boson momenta, respectively.…”
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“…The branching fraction is measured to be $$ {\cal B}(B^0_s \to p \bar{\Lambda} K^- + \bar{B}^0_s \to p \bar{\Lambda} K^-) = \left[5.48 \,^{+0.82}_{-0.80} \pm 0.60 \pm 0.51 ({\cal B}) \pm 0.32 (f_s/f_d)\right]\times 10^{-6}\,, $$ where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic, the third uncertainty accounts for the experimental uncertainty on the branching fraction of the $B^0 \to p \bar{\Lambda} \pi^-$ decay used for normalisation, and the fourth uncertainty relates to the knowledge of the ratio of $b$-quark hadronisation probabilities $f_s/f_d$. The notation $B^0_s \to p \bar{\Lambda} K^- + \bar{B}^0_s \to p \bar{\Lambda} K^-$ emphasises the fact that both $B_s^0$ and $\bar{B}^0_s$ can decay to the $p \bar{\Lambda} K^-$ final state. …”
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“…The performance of these algorithms is measured with \Zboson\ boson or top quark decays to tau leptons and uses the full 2015 dataset of $pp$ collisions collected at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of \datalumi and a centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{\mathrm{s}} = 13$ TeV. …”
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“…We present a measurement of the cross section of top quark pair production in association with a W or Z boson, in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $13~\mathrm{TeV}$ at the LHC. …”
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“…Among these are the problem of neutrino mass, the (as yet) unobserved Higgs particle, the quark-gluon plasma, quantum aspects of gravity, and the so--called hierarchy problem. …”
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“…The nature of the Higgs sector is probed through searches for neutral resonances decaying to a pair of tau leptons in gluon-fusion and b-quark associated production modes with no observation of a significant excess. …”
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“…The search is performed in events containing missing transverse momentum and several energetic jets, at least three of which must be identified as $b$-quark jets. No significant excess is found above the predicted background. …”
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“…The $Q$-values determined from this analysis play an important role for verifying the Conserved-Vector-Current hypothesis and for testing the unitarity of the CKM quark-mixing matrix. Finally, the results of a first high-precision, on-line measurement using the PI-ICR technique are presented, addressing the $Q$-value of the $^{88}$Rb-$^{88}$Sr $\beta$-decay.…”
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“…As such, measurements of this type can be used in global parton distribution fits to better constrain the charm quark content of the proton in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) environment. …”
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“…One of the bosons is required to be a W boson decaying to e{\nu} or {\mu}{\nu}, while the other boson is required to be reconstructed as a single massive jet with substructure compatible with that of a highly-energetic quark pair from a W or Z boson decay. The search is performed in the resonance mass range between 1.0 and 4.5 TeV. …”
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