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  1. 30301
    “…Guidelines developed to encourage rational blood use recommend a standard volume of whole blood (20 ml/kg) for transfusion, but this is commonly associated with a frequent need for repeat transfusion and poor outcome. …”
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    Phase II trial of standard versus increased transfusion volume in Ugandan children with acute severe anemia
  2. 30302
    “…It shall further accelerate development of anti-malarial interventions through standardization and facilitation of CHMI. Beyond this, rational dose selection for whole PfSPZ-based immunization and complex study designs are now possible. …”
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    Direct venous inoculation of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites for controlled human malaria infection: a dose-finding trial in two centres
  3. 30303
    “…In the present study we investigate the effects of the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib in a genetically engineered mouse model of prostate cancer and explore the rational combination with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus. …”
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    Evaluation of in vivo responses of sorafenib therapy in a preclinical mouse model of PTEN-deficient of prostate cancer
  4. 30304
    “…RESULTS: We identified four main categories emerging from the data; (1) cautiously seeking care, (2) discrepancy between rationality and emotion, (3) expecting reassurance from a professional and (4) a need for consistent, reliable information. …”
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    Childhood fever: a qualitative study on parents’ expectations and experiences during general practice out-of-hours care consultations
  5. 30305
    “…CONCLUSIONS: This treatment strategy illustrates proof of principle that simultaneously decreasing glutamine metabolism-dependent tumor anti-oxidant defenses and inducing supra-physiological ROS formation are tumoricidal and that this rationally designed combination strategy lowers the required doses of both agents in vitro and in vivo. …”
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    Targeting glutamine metabolism sensitizes pancreatic cancer to PARP-driven metabolic catastrophe induced by ß-lapachone
  6. 30306
    “…BACKGROUND: Despite advances to targeted leishmanicidal chemotherapy, defies around severe toxicity, recent emergence of resistant variants and absence of rational vaccine still persist. This necessitates search and/or progressive validation of accessible medicinal remedies including plant based. …”
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    Evaluation of leishmanicidal activity and cytotoxicity of Ricinus communis and Azadirachta indica extracts from western Kenya: in vitro and in vivo assays
  7. 30307
    “…Understanding the mechanisms affecting the synthesis of different vitamin forms is useful for rational strain selection and essential for engineering of strains with improved B(12) production properties. …”
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    BluB/CobT2 fusion enzyme activity reveals mechanisms responsible for production of active form of vitamin B(12) by Propionibacterium freudenreichii
  8. 30308
    “…BACKGROUND: The large-scale introduction of malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) promises to improve management of fever patients and the rational use of valuable anti-malarials. However, evidence on the impact of RDT introduction on the overprescription of anti-malarials has been mixed. …”
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    Why do health workers give anti-malarials to patients with negative rapid test results? A qualitative study at rural health facilities in western Uganda
  9. 30309
    “…In order to provide evidence for a viable solution responsive to this health care gap, and leveraging the existing >70 % mobile phone density, we thought it rational to test the effectiveness of a mobile phone-based video intervention of short 5-minute movies to educate and support stroke survivors and their primary caregivers. …”
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    Translating knowledge for action against stroke – using 5-minute videos for stroke survivors and caregivers to improve post-stroke outcomes: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (Movies4Stroke)
  10. 30310
    “…RESULTS: This study clarifies the relative rationality of one criteria (β-hCG > 50 IU/L and αFP > 25 ng/mL); confirms new β-hCG diagnostic cut-off points: CSF β-hCG ≥ 8.2 IU/L and serum β-hCG ≥ 2.5 IU/L (sensitivity of 47 and 34 %, respectively, specificity of 100 %, both; P < 0.05); and empirically adjusts the criteria for αFP to ≥ 3.8 ng/mL in CSF and to ≥ 25 ng/mL in serum. …”
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    An update on the clinical diagnostic value of β-hCG and αFP for intracranial germ cell tumors
  11. 30311
    “…Mathematical models can be valuable tools to inform rational policy decisions and improve resource allocation, but are often unavailable or inaccessible for LMICs, particularly in TB. …”
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    TIME Impact – a new user-friendly tuberculosis (TB) model to inform TB policy decisions
  12. 30312
    “…CONCLUSION: On the basis of the results of the study, it is concluded that supplementation of garlic improves the performance of broilers when added at the rate of 1% of broiler ration and can be a viable alternative to antibiotic growth promoter in the feeding of broiler chicken.…”
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    Effect of dietary supplementation of garlic, ginger and their combination on feed intake, growth performance and economics in commercial broilers
  13. 30313
    “…RESULTS: Addition of Na-butyrate, encapsulated in palm fat, to ration of experimentally infected broilers with NE resulted in increased final body weight, at 35 days of age, reduced total feed consumption, improved feed conversion ratio, reduced cumulative mortality, and increased production number. …”
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    The efficacy of Na-butyrate encapsulated in palm fat on performance of broilers infected with necrotic enteritis with gene expression analysis
  14. 30314
    “…Clinoptilolite was added in the total mixed rations of all farms at the rate of 200 g per animal per day, throughout this period. …”
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    In-field evaluation of clinoptilolite feeding efficacy on the reduction of milk aflatoxin M1 concentration in dairy cattle
  15. 30315
    “…The identification of new biomarkers, lifestyle and psychological personality may help to elucidate the complex mechanisms and provide the novel rational to the individual treatment strategies in Asian especially ethnic Chinese patients with CAD.…”
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    Identification of new biosignatures for clinical outcomes in stable coronary artery disease - The study protocol and initial observations of a prospective follow-up study in Taiwan
  16. 30316
    “…CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that decreasing the dietary share of ultra-processed foods is a rational and effective way to improve the nutritional quality of US diets. …”
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    The share of ultra-processed foods and the overall nutritional quality of diets in the US: evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional study
  17. 30317
    “…We hypothesised that offering an antimalarial subsidy conditional on a positive malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) would increase uptake of testing and improve rational use of ACTs. METHODS: We designed a 2×2 factorial randomised experiment evaluating 2 levels of subsidy for RDTs and ACTs. …”
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    Assessing the independent and combined effects of subsidies for antimalarials and rapid diagnostic testing on fever management decisions in the retail sector: results from a factorial randomised trial in western Kenya
  18. 30318
    “…This will provide an evidence base for the rational design of disease-modifying trials.…”
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    Study protocol: Insight 46 – a neuroscience sub-study of the MRC National Survey of Health and Development
  19. 30319
    “…BACKGROUND: Task shifting approaches (rational redistribution of tasks among health workforce teams) to train lay professionals to assist with integrating mental health treatment in primary care has been recommended to close the mental health treatment gap for depression in low- and middle-income countries. …”
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    Task shifting interpersonal counseling for depression: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial in primary care
  20. 30320
    “…Our objectives were to analyze antibiotic prescription patterns in pediatric outpatients residing in the Lazio region (Italy), to identify physicians’ characteristics associated with increased propensity for prescription, to identify the priority axes for action to improve the rational use of antibiotics. METHODS: We enrolled all children aged 13 years or less in 2014. …”
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    Prevalence of antibiotic prescription in pediatric outpatients in Italy: the role of local health districts and primary care physicians in determining variation. A multilevel design for healthcare decision support
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