“…We show that CoMetChem enables site-specific quantification of the incorporation or loss of lysine acetylation over time, allowing the determination of reaction rates for acetylation and deacetylation. Thus, the CoMetChem methodology provides a comprehensive description of site-specific acetylation dynamics.…”
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“…This can be overcome by replacing them with a single random time delay, but the resulting process is non-Markovian, making it difficult to infer cell-to-cell heterogeneity in reaction rates and time delays. To address this, we developed an efficient and scalable moment-based Bayesian inference method (MBI) with a user-friendly computational package that infers cell-to-cell heterogeneity in the non-Markovian signaling process. …”
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“…Further differences between Au and Pd were seen in experimental studies: studying reaction rates as a function of electronic and steric properties showed that ligands bearing more electron‐poor functionality increase the rate of oxidative addition; in a complementary way, electron‐rich aryl iodides give faster rates. …”
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“…A theoretical analysis shows that the acceleration is correlated to the catalysts’ surface charge density in both experimental systems and enables predicting and controlling reaction rates of like-charged compounds with counter-charged species.…”
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“…The model can only be solved approximately rather than analytically as it contains a system of nonlinear differential equations with reaction rates. To demonstrate and validate our model, the numerical simulations for infected migrants are plotted with suitable parameters.…”
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“…The model utilizes literature data on metabolite concentrations and enzyme kinetic constants to calculate the probabilities of individual reactions occurring on a microscopic scale, which can be viewed as the reaction rates on a macroscopic scale. However, it should be noted that the model has some limitations, including not accounting for all the reactions in which the metabolites are involved. …”
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“…The extreme variation in reaction rates is about 100:1. 2. No qualitative difference in the results was observed when the treatment with H was carried out by the Dixon or stirring methods. 3. …”
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“…The conversion of ginsenoside Rb1 generated Rd, Rg3, Rh2, and compound K although the reaction rates were low due to the low concentration. …”
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“…Porphyrin-based photosynthetic reaction centre (PRC) mimics, ZnPQ-Q2HP-C(60) and MP(2)Q-Q2HP-C(60) (M = Zn or 2H), designed to have a similar special-pair electron donor and similar charge-separation distances, redox processes and photochemical reaction rates to those in the natural PRC from purple bacteria, have been synthesised and extensive photochemical studies performed. …”
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“…The aerosol water serves as a reactor, where the alkaline aerosol components trap SO(2), which is oxidized by NO(2) to form sulfate, whereby high reaction rates are sustained by the high neutralizing capacity of the atmosphere in northern China. …”
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“…Inspired by the rapid reaction rates of cyclophellitol and cyclophellitol aziridine—both covalent retaining β-glucosidase inhibitors—we postulated that the corresponding carba “cyclopropyl” analogue would be a potent retaining β-glucosidase inhibitor for those enzymes reacting through the (4)H(3) transition-state conformation. …”
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“…Cluster gas–solid contact efficiencies are quantified at several gas superficial velocities, reaction rates, and dilution factors in order to gain more insight regarding the influence of clustering phenomena on the performance of riser reactors.…”
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“…This mechanism allows for significantly higher element transport and mineral reaction rates than aqueous solutions with major implications for the role of mineral reactions in the dynamic Earth.…”
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“…The tetrazine ligation is very suitable as a bioorthogonal reaction because of its selectivity and high reaction rates with several alkenes and alkynes. Recently, we described vinylboronic acids (VBAs) as novel hydrophilic bioorthogonal moieties that react efficiently with dipyridyl-s-tetrazines and used them for protein modification in cell lysate. …”
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“…Analysing protein complexes by chemical crosslinking‐mass spectrometry (XL‐MS) is limited by the side‐chain reactivities and sizes of available crosslinkers, their slow reaction rates, and difficulties in crosslink enrichment, especially for rare, transient or dynamic complexes. …”
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“…The stability study indicated that the system was stable for storage and dilution with distilled water, while the safety testing showed that the micelle was safe for intravenous administration with low hemolysis rates and low allergic reaction rates. In the pharmaceutics study, the C(max) and AUC(0-t) of the DS-loaded micelle were 4- and 4.5- folds higher than that of the DS. …”
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“…Phase separation of substrates and effectors is proposed to enhance biological reaction rates and efficiency. Targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2) is an effector of branching microtubule nucleation in spindles and functions with the substrate tubulin by an unknown mechanism. …”
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“…To evaluate the effect of the driving force on the tunneling probability in 2 a and 2 b, two different pairs of isotopomers were studied for each of the semibullvalenes. The reaction rates for the rearrangement of 2 b in cryogenic matrices were found to be smaller than the ones of 2 a under similar conditions, whereas differences in the driving force do not influence the rates. …”
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“…A correlation between the steric and electronic properties of the NHC and the reaction rates was observed. Kinetics of a deuterium‐labeled complex in comparison to its non‐deuterated counterpart revealed the presence of a strong primary kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of 4.2, indicating that α‐H abstraction is the rate‐determining step (RDS) of the reaction.…”
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“…Many mathematical models of FRAP have been developed, the purpose of which is usually the estimation of certain biological parameters such as the diffusivity and chemical reaction rates of a protein, this being accomplished by fitting the model to experimental data. …”
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