“…The observed differences in the reaction rates as well as in the size of species formed (the corresponding hydrodynamic radiuses R(h) of aggregates) as a result of the coupling process of parent PAGE prepolymers and model PEG thiols were thoroughly discussed and the reaction pathway proposed.…”
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“…In contrast, we show that the observed reaction rates are way too high to be explained on this basis. …”
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“…Suzuki coupling and nitroarene reduction, we show to what great extent the reaction rates may vary even for the seemingly similar reactions by using the same NCs. …”
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“…When performing reactions in micelles, the hydrophobic effect can considerably accelerate apparent reaction rates, as well as enhance selectivity. Here, we review micellar reaction media and their potential role in sustainable chemical production. …”
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“…These predictions are tested by measuring the mechanochemical reaction rates of these alkyl thiolates on a Cu(100) substrate by sliding an atomic force microscope tip over the surface and finding a critical stress of ∼0.43 GPa for methyl thiolate, ∼0.33 GPa for propyl thiolate, but no evidence of a critical stress for ethyl thiolate, in accord with the predictions. …”
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“…Their objective was to characterize the catalyst structure, its microenviroment, membrane properties, etc., and relate them to the device performance (reaction rates and product distribution). Here we review the current state-of-the-art of operando methods, associated challenges, and also their future potential. …”
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“…The Pd loading was tested in the 0.1 to 2.5 wt % range, leading to the presence of metallic nanoparticles under reaction. Reaction rates exceeding 52 mmol H(2) g(–1) h(–1) and quantum efficiencies above 33% were obtained. …”
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“…Moreover, the mathematical treatment we propose offers a useful tool for the design of vesicles with predictable reaction rates of the confined molecules, e.g., drug delivery vesicles with confined prodrugs. …”
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“…Here, we extend the approach beyond state reduction to also include the simplification of reaction rates, elimination of reactions, and analytic solutions. …”
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“…Interestingly, the electronic properties of the R substituent in the ligand pyridine ring do not have a significant effect on reaction rates. Overall, the intrinsic structural aspects of each isomer define their relative HAT reactivity, overcoming changes in electronic properties of the ligand.…”
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“…We show experimental results on MgO single crystals reacting with the atmosphere for longer (decades) and shorter (days to months) periods with the goal of gauging reaction rates. Here, we find a substantial slowdown of an initially fast reaction as a result of mineral armoring by reaction products (surface passivation). …”
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“…Contents of the database range from cell sizes to metabolite concentrations, from reaction rates to generation times, from genome sizes to the number of mitochondria in a cell. …”
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“…In addition, time-related concepts, such as reaction rates and activation energy, can be readily visualized. …”
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“…We demonstrate that an affinity label can be uncovered by measuring reaction rates between library pools and the protein target, human serum albumin (HSA) and identifying significant outliers. …”
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“…Cell-to-cell variability is best captured in terms of concentration rather than molecule counts, because reaction rates depend on concentrations. We combined single-molecule mRNA counting with single-cell volume measurements to quantify the statistics of both transcript numbers and concentrations in human cells. …”
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“…The strength of this synergy depends on the reaction rates and the concentration of these antioxidants. …”
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“…In addition, a multistep pathway of metabolic synthesis is used to explore the potential of the proposed method to simplify multistep reactions with nonlinear reaction rates. Simulation results suggest that the state-dependent time delay is a promising and accurate approach to reduce model complexity and decrease the number of unknown parameters in the models.…”
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“…Measuring the concentrations of metabolites and estimating the reaction rates of each reaction step consisting of metabolic pathways are significant for an improvement in microorganisms used in maximizing the production of materials. …”
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“…Ubiquitous declines in biochemical reaction rates above optimal temperatures (T(opt)) are normally attributed to enzyme state changes, but such mechanisms appear inadequate to explain pervasive T(opt) well below enzyme deactivation temperatures (T(den)). …”
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“…Current quantitative bioassays are performed ex vivo, thus equilibrium constants and reaction rates of reactions occurring in human cells are still unknown. …”
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