“…Based on reported measurements of reaction rates, our results indicate neither time-averaging nor receptor endocytosis significantly improves the cell’s accuracy in detecting gradients over time scales associated with the initiation of polarized growth. …”
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“…In contrast, the photocatalytic reaction rates increased as retention time decreased. …”
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“…Few cases fulfil the expectations of MMK relating reaction rates to enzyme saturation. This new approach illuminates and extends the concept of rate-limiting steps by focusing on the free energy dissipation associated with each reaction step and thereby deducing its respective relative chemical impedance. …”
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“…It yields good predictions on variances of mRNA and protein fluctuations, even for reaction systems comprising low-copy-number components (e.g. mRNA) and highly nonlinear reaction rates. Furthermore, the temporal structure of fluctuations and the skewness of the protein distribution are characterized via state-dependent protein burst sizes and burst frequencies. …”
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“…At high concentration, diffusion and light limitation lead to lower reaction rates, but the same stability as for homogeneous reactions was still achieved. …”
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“…Measurement of the reaction rates for fAr derivatives by (19)F NMR with a model thiol donor (β-mercaptoethanol) in aqueous buffers identified decafluoro-diphenylsulfone (DFS) as the most reactive S(N)Ar electrophile. …”
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“…The catalyst layers show very stable nanostructures and do not delaminate, and the cells exhibit reaction rates that are similar to those obtained using normal ceramic processing methods. …”
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“…A complete enzymatic mechanism for NOD biodegradation by USTB-05-A in the first step was proposed: glutamic acid 172 and histidine 205 activate a water molecule facilitating a nucleophilic attack on the arginine and Adda peptide bond of NOD; tryptophan 176 and tryptophan 201 contact the carboxylate side chain of glutamic acid 172 and accelerate the reaction rates; and histidine 260 and asparagine 264 function as an oxyanion hole to stabilize the transition states.…”
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“…CONCLUSION: Considering the fact that reaction rates are not only determined by genes/expression levels, but also by the specific activities of enzymes, the iMTBGO method allows us to make more precise pre-dictions of metabolic fluxes by using expression values normalized based on GO.…”
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“…Laccase activity was measured as a function of time and the initial reaction rates were recovered for each preparation, showing up to sevenfold increase with respect to free laccase. …”
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“…In biological tests with CNM, approximately 99% CIP removal was achieved, and the reaction rates increased ≈1.5-fold relatively to the control without CNM. …”
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“…Although the MPVO turnover rates normalized by the total number of open Sn sites were comparable on Sn-BEC and a conventional Sn-Beta catalyst synthesized in fluoride media (Sn-Beta(F)), Sn-BEC demonstrated higher per gram reaction rates because of its larger fraction of open sites compared to Sn-Beta(F). …”
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“…The effect of natural water ingredients was found to reduce the reaction rates, signifying the major contribution of hydroxyl radicals to the destruction of caffeine. …”
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“…The relative reaction activity of pNPG, reaction rates, and reaction kinetics for wogonoside were calculated. …”
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“…Nanocatalysts play a vital role in heterogeneous catalysis and lipase immobilization due to their excellent selectivity, reactivity, faster reaction rates owing to their higher surface area, and easy recovery from the products and reuse for several cycles.…”
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“…In this work, Ni was added together with TaF(5) and VCl(3) to increase the reaction rates with hydrogen and the hydrogen-storage capacity of Mg. …”
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“…RESULTS: Compared with the results of the two groups, there was no statistical difference between the two groups of treatment efficacy or adverse reaction rates (P > 0.05). The average daily cost of the original research drug group was 2954.38 Chinese yuan (CNY), the average treatment cost per cycle was 32967.69 CNY, the average daily cost of the generic drug group was 2697.29 CNY, and the average treatment cost per cycle was 29129.57 CNY. …”
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“…In this paper, we identify a syntactically checkable class of CRNs called noncompetitive (NC) whose equilibria are absolutely robust to reaction rates and kinetic rate law, because their behavior is captured solely by their stoichiometric structure. …”
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“…We characterize the impact of effective signal concentrations and reaction rates on the circuit performance, and derive solutions for compensating undesired signal loss and rate differences. …”
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“…[Image: see text] Novel ammonia catalysts seek to achieve high reaction rates under milder conditions, which translate into lower costs and energy requirements. …”
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