“…The digestion of casein and hemoglobin in 6.6 M urea by asclepain follows the second order reaction rate. The rate was roughly second order for casein in water. 3. …”
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“…The reactions were of pseudo-first order with respect to [H(2)O(2)] and [L-Cu(II)] (L stands for PAla or PGlygly) and the reaction rate was increased with pH increase. The energies of activation for the reactions were determined at pH 8.8, in a temperature range of 293–308 K. …”
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“…The transformations proceeded with moderated yields (50–75%) with a reasonable reaction rate (3 h). It is worth noting that two novel molecules of the new class of the bis-3,4-dihydropyridones were also obtained. …”
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“…Based on time-series data of the molecular populations, the corresponding stochastic reaction rate constants can be estimated. This procedure is computationally very challenging, since the underlying stochastic process has to be solved for different parameters in order to obtain optimal estimates. …”
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“…This efficient and ligandless conversion procedure does not require the addition of an organic hydrogen acceptor. The reaction rate is strongly enhanced by mild dielectric heating. …”
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“…In the co-solvent mixture of tetrahydrofuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (3/1, v/v), the reaction rate was 60.6 mM/h, substrate conversion exceeded 99%, and 7′-regioselectivity was 93%. …”
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“…Systematic tuning of the residence time, a key parameter of continuous-reaction technology, can govern the outcome of a chemical reaction by determining the reaction rate and the conversion and by influencing the product selectivity. …”
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“…When oxidized cytochrome c was mixed with catechins commonly found in green tea under non-steady-state conditions, a reduction of cytochrome c was observed. The reaction rate of the catechins was dependent on the pH and the nature of the catechin. …”
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“…Two examples are presented to illustrate this interplay: the measurement of the lifetime of (44)Ti to allow an improved determination of the (44)Ti mass of the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A from the observed γ ray activity and the measurements of excited states in (24)Si to determine the reaction rate of (23)Al(p, γ)(24)Si which might be important for a reduced production of (22)Na in novae.…”
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“…The profiles of velocity components, microrotation, temperature distribution and concentration are studied for different values of fluid and geometric parameters such as Hartmann number, Hall and ion slip parameters, inverse Darcy parameter, Prandtl number, Schmidt number, and chemical reaction rate and shown in the form of graphs.…”
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“…A silica alumina catalyst with a very low content in alumina gave excellent results in terms of both activity and selectivity also under solvent-free conditions. The reaction rate follows the electron density of the carbinol atom in the substrate alcohol and yields up to 99% and can be obtained for a wide range of substrates under mild reaction conditions.…”
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“…The optical excitation accelerates the reaction rate 154-fold (±13) and makes it possible to significantly improve the efficiency of covalent bonding to the sp(2) carbon lattice. …”
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“…Among many potential advantages of substrate channeling, acceleration of the total reaction rate is considered as one of the most important and self-evident. …”
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“…In this work, a new, powerful capping agent, N,N-dimethyloctadecylammonium bromide acetate sodium, was synthesized and used to coordinate Pt ions, slowing down the reaction rate. As a result, in aqueous solution, Pt nanohelices with highly ordered horizontal pore channels were successfully fabricated. …”
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“…Computer calculations were carried out to determine the reaction rates and the mean structure of bimetallic nanoparticles prepared via a microemulsion route. …”
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“…The best strategies, in view of E, reaction rate and product yields, which underline the importance of substrate engineering, are highlighted.…”
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“…All parameters that affect reaction rate (i.e., milling time, revolutions/min, size and milling ball number) have been optimized. …”
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“…The click reaction conditions were optimized to improve the reaction rate for applications with short half-life radionuclides. …”
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“…As expected, electron-withdrawing groups were found to decrease the rate of glycosylation, whereas electron-donating groups resulted in the opposite outcome, underscoring the influence on the reaction rate exerted by a participating group. On this basis, a Hammett linear free-energy relationship was established (R(2) = 0.979, ρ = 0.6), offering fundamental insight into the magnitude of anchimeric assistance in glycosylation chemistry.…”
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“…Both dyed and printed sensors exhibited a high reaction rate and distinctive color change under the acidic condition owing to the high pH sensitivity of the dye. …”
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