“…It predicts the existence of a reciprocal effect of diffusiophoresis back onto the reaction rate for the entire collection of colloids in the system, as well as the existence of a clustering instability that leads to nonequilibrium inhomogeneous system states.…”
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“…The key finding is that high oxidative potential can be used to catalyze the oxidation of alcohols, and the reaction rate is dramatically faster than that in the process of natural aging. …”
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“…The interaction between the metals of the bimetallic catalyst and the structure of the bridged dimer can effectively reduce the steric hindrance effect and help speed up the reaction rate while ensuring the stability of the catalyst. …”
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“…Herein, we discuss a fundamental aspect of heterogeneous catalysis: the chemical potential of electrons in solid catalysts during thermal catalysis, which directly reflects the consequent catalytic reaction rate. The use of electrochemical tools during thermal catalysis allows for the quantitative determination of the ill-defined chemical potentials of solids in operando, whereby the potential–rate relationship can be established. …”
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“…The ability to vary the temperature of an electrochemical cell provides opportunities to control reaction rates and pathways and to drive processes that are inaccessible at ambient temperature. …”
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“…The catalysts influenced the reaction rate, molecular weight distribution of adducts, and formation of byproducts. …”
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“…This suggests the presence of reverse reaction between H(2)O and oxygen vacancy, whose reaction rate constant is proportional to the partial pressure of H(2)O.…”
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“…In this study, we found that the reaction rate of alkali-activated slag is controlled by the CaCO(3) layer on a partially carbonized CaO alkali activator. …”
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“…The HEA NPs–AC showed excellent catalytic performance in the degradation of methylene blue (MB) without any peroxide addition. Besides, their reaction rate is also competitive among single-element and other catalysts. …”
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“…With a thorough exploration of the reaction kinetics, we further showed that at acidic pH the cyclization reaction rate is pH independent, while at alkaline pH the pH dependence is marked, explaining the experimentally observed complex pH dependence.…”
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“…DMSO was crucial in suppressing Pd black formation and enhancing reaction rate and selectivity.…”
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“…The ratio between the precipitating agent and the precursors has a considerable influence both on the structure, which is evidenced by XRD, due to switching from a crystalline structure to an amorphous one and on the surface (XPS) by an obvious change in the ratio Co(3+)/Co(2+) and Mn(4+)/Mn(3+) and in the content of oxygen vacancies. The reaction rate is not influenced by the oxygen pressure, emphasizing that n-butanol oxidation occurs through the Mars van Krevelen mechanism. …”
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“…The evolution characteristics of the chemical bonds along reaction pathways is analyzed by using electron localization functions, quantum theory of atoms in molecules, Mayer bond orders and natural bond orbitals. The reaction rate constants are calculated at the variational transition state level, and rate-determining steps are predicted.…”
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“…The activation energy of the curing reaction of the E-HK composite was reduced but the curing reaction rate was accelerated by HCCP–KH540. The E-HK composite with 30 phr content of HCCP–KH540 exhibited excellent flame retardancy with limiting oxygen index of 29.6% and V-1 rating in the vertical burning test as well as excellent thermal stability with a char yield of 23.77% at 700 °C, compared with only 8.64% for pure EP.…”
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“…We showed that affinity-based BTA probes selectively and covalently label a lysine residue in the vicinity of the ligand binding site of a target protein with a reaction half-time of 28 s. The reaction rate constant is comparable to the fastest biorthogonal chemistry. …”
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“…[Image: see text] Collisions of atomic nitrogen with molecular oxygen have been treated with the quasiclassical trajectory method (QCT) in order to obtain a complete database of vibrationally detailed cross sections and rate coefficients for reactive, inelastic, and dissociation processes. For reaction rate coefficients, the agreement with experimental and theoretical data in the literature is excellent on the whole available interval 300–5000 K, with reliable extension to 20,000 K. …”
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“…The transformation was initiated on demand – by using simple white LED strip lights – with a high temporal response and the ability to control reaction rate by changing the irradiation time. Various substrates were successfully applied to this photo‐initiated cross‐coupling, thus illustrating the wide functional‐group tolerance of our photo‐caged catalyst activator, without any need for sophisticated photochemistry apparatus.…”
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“…However, despite the significance, assaying these degradation reactions remains technically challenging owing to the low reaction rate, because only the surface of the substrate is accessible to the enzymes. …”
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“…Furthermore, a fast reaction rate was found in the first 2–3 h of the reaction, followed by a decreased rate in the subsequent hours. …”
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“…For 2-methyl cyclohexanone, the reaction rate is much slower and the final diastereoselectivity depends on the size of the alcohol used. …”
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