“…Compared to the native enzyme, the conjugated form exhibited: a higher optimal reaction temperature, a lower Ea (activation energy), a higher K (m) (Michaelis constant) and Vmax (maximal reaction rate), and improved thermal stability. The calculated t (1/2) (half-life) values of heat in-activation at 60 °C and 70 °C were 245.7 and 54.5 min respectively, whereas at these temperatures the native enzyme was less stable (t (1/2) of 200.0 and 49.5 min respectively). …”
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“…Kramers’ theory frames chemical reaction rates in solution as reactants overcoming a barrier in the presence of friction and noise. …”
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“…This study reveals that ultrasonic cavitation bubbles behave as catalysts for nucleation of the peptide: The nucleation reaction is highly dependent on frequency and pressure of acoustic wave, and we discover an optimum acoustical condition, at which the reaction-rate constant for nucleation is increased by three-orders-of magnitudes. …”
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“…Reaction kinetics and density functional theory calculations illustrate that the calculated apparent barrier for the dehydration of the acid to form surface acyl species is similar to the experimentally measured barrier, implying that this step plays a significant role in determining the net reaction rate. Water inhibits the overall rate, but selectivity to acylated products is not affected. …”
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“…The mathematical model consists of a diffusion-reaction PDE system for the degradation including reaction rate equations and diffusion of acidic degradation products into the vicinity. …”
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“…As a result, the VRFB with this novel electrode shows three times higher reaction rate toward VO(2) (+)/VO(2+) redox couple and 11% increased energy efficiency over VRFB with an unmodified CF electrode. …”
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“…The dramatic influence of the reaction media on the reaction rate and stereoselectivity of the process suggests that the intimate architecture of DESs deeply influences the reactivity of different species involved in the catalytic cycle.…”
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“…The second theory, named Structural Sensitivity Analysis, determines the sensitivity responses of the steady state of chemical reaction networks to perturbations of the reaction rate. The first and second theories investigate the dynamical properties of regulatory and reaction networks, respectively. …”
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“…Although sperm vitality and acrosome reaction rate were unaffected, the diet led to a significant improvement in motility (P < 0.05) and morphology (P < 0.04) in wild-type sperm and in morphology (P < 0.01) in Pmca4(−/−), confirming the diet’s efficacy, which appeared to be more modest in mice than in humans. …”
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“…The reaction was accompanied by the release of water which was employed to investigate the reaction kinetics. Accordingly, the reaction rate followed the first-order model and Arrhenius equation, and the activation energy was calculated to be 18 kJ/mol. …”
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“…Both the corrosion and H(2) evolution reaction rates were quantitatively reduced by the mass% of polymer coating. …”
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“…The process is monitored over a range of milling frequencies, and a nonlinear correlation between milling parameters and reaction rate is observed. Kinetic analysis of RI‐XRPD allows, for the first time, observation of a mechanistic shift over the course of mechanical treatment, resulting from time evolving conditions within the mechanoreactor.…”
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“…Nanoporous Fe-Si-B-P powders exhibit much better degradation performance to methyl orange and direct blue azo dyes compared with gas-atomized Fe(76)Si(9)B(10)P(5) amorphous powders and commercial Fe powders. The degradation reaction rate constants of nanoporous powders are almost one order higher than those of the amorphous counterpart powders and Fe powders, accompanying with lower activation energies of 19.5 and 26.8 kJ mol(−1) for the degradation reactions of methyl orange and direct blue azo dyes, respectively. …”
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“…A change in the PVP incineration kinetic mechanism with significant increase in the reaction rate was experimentally found. The kinetic of the Pd(0)-catalyzed combustion has been studied by isothermal thermogravimetric analysis. …”
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“…Particularly, the transition time as a function of damping ratio exhibits the general feature of Kramers’ reaction-rate theory.…”
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“…The postacidification kinetics fitted to zero‐order reaction for all buffalo milk yogurt samples. The reaction rate constants of the buffalo milk yogurt samples containing YC‐X11, ABY‐2, and ABT‐4 cultures were 0.010, 0.007, and 0.004 g·100 g(−1)·day(−1), respectively. …”
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“…By determining these reaction rates on different low-temperature plateaus and applying pattern recognition, the resulting footprint can be used for identification of different gases. …”
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“…The monophase, hierarchically nanostructured TiO(2)(B) exhibited a reaction rate constant 1.7 times that of TiO(2)(B)/rGO and 2.9 times that of pristine TiO(2)(B) nanobelts when utilized to assist the photodegradation of phenol in water under UV light illumination. …”
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“…Furthermore, it was possible to identify the higher activity and different reaction rate of two variants, relative to the wild-type NDO. …”
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“…However, some nonionic surfactants added to the aqueous buffer system improved the bioreduction process by decreasing the reverse and side reaction rates in addition to effectively increasing the average positive reaction rate. …”
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