“…Under sunlight irradiation, the reaction rate constants of the g-C(3)N(4)/TiO(2)/Bi(2)O(3) was about 4.2 times and 3.3 times higher than that of TiO(2) and g-C(3)N(4), respectively. …”
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“…Based on the catalysis of the active components in clay, cement and ash, the reaction rate of CaSO(4) with coal was improved by the active materials. …”
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“…Further, the hydration reaction rate of SiO(2) in the silica fume and the physical filling effect of the inert components of fly ash and steel slag under the optimal parameters were the key factors for the early strength of the material. …”
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“…The catalytic activity of the monodisperse palladium nanoparticles was tested by reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol. The obtained reaction rate constants for the core-shell system showed enhanced activity compared to the Pd-loaded bare core system. …”
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“…Aqueous solutions of rhodamine B were used to test the enhancement of photocatalytic activity that was found for all ZnO-coated butterfly wings. The best reaction rate of decomposing rhodamine B when illuminated with visible light was found in 15 nm ZnO coated M. sulkowskyi wing, the reflectance of which had the highest overlap with the absorption band of the dye and had the highest reflectance intensity.…”
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“…The activities of these Cu(I) salts towards monooxygenation of 2,4‐di‐tert‐butylphenol (DTBP‐H) were compared to those of [Cu(CH(3)CN)(4)]X salts with “classic” anions (BF(4) (−), OTf(−), PF(6) (−)), revealing an anion effect on the activity of the catalyst and a ligand effect on the reaction rate. The reaction is drastically accelerated by employing Cu(II)‐semiquinone complexes as catalysts, indicating that formation of a Cu(II) complex precedes the actual catalytic cycle. …”
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“…The gel permeation chromatography (GPC) trace of the poly(p-methylstyrene) (poly(p-MeSt)) changes from bimodal in dichloromethane (CH(2)Cl(2)) to unimodal in IL, and polydispersities M(w)/M(n) of the polymer in IL showed narrower (1.40–1.59). The reaction rate and heat release rate were milder in IL. …”
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“…The hybrid material was tested as a catalyst for Knoevenagel condensation, which was performed ″on-water″ under mild conditions with aromatic aldehydes and activated methylene compounds, giving high yields (up to 97%). The reaction rate and product yield increased together with the reaction temperature for all reagents. …”
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“…The simulation results indicated that viscosity, surface reaction rate, and hydrogen ion diffusion coefficient have different effects on gelling acid etching wormhole. …”
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“…The effect of the applied load, material properties, abrasive size distribution, and chemical reaction rate on the polishing surface morphology is evaluated. …”
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“…The results indicate that the diffusion rate of magnesium vapor in pellets is significantly increased; the time of chemical reaction reaching equilibrium is shortened; the chemical reaction rate and the magnesium production efficiency are increased by adding a proper ratio of NH(4)HCO(3) compared to that obtained without NH(4)HCO(3) at the identical reduction temperature.…”
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“….% In(2)O(3)/SnO(2) was twice that of pure SnO(2) or In(2)O(3), and the degradation rate was as high as 97% after 240 min irradiation (87% after 120 min irradiation). The reaction rate was five times that of SnO(2) and nine times that of In(2)O(3). …”
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“…This study clearly demonstrated that high degradation efficiency can be achieved using a spiral-shaped photocatalytic reactor rather than a traditional annular reactor at same conditions. The increase in reaction rate is related to the higher average turbulence kinetic energy in the spiral-shaped reactor over the traditional reactor, which results in the increased diffusivity and improves the mass and momentum transfer.…”
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“…It was shown that silica does not play an innocent role in the case of catalase activity, increasing the reaction rate.…”
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“…With an increase in the epoxy/acid ratio, the reaction rate, swelling ratio, glass transition temperature and mechanical properties of the original epoxy vitrimers decreased, whereas the gel content increased. …”
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“…The specificity results showed that the cross-reaction rate of norketamine was less than 10%. Recoveries of spiked samples at low, medium, and high concentrations ranged from 96% to 117%. …”
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“…CO pretreatment could produce more oxygen vacancies, facilitating O(2) activation, and thus accelerate the CO oxidation reaction rate. The excellent reducibility and sufficient O(2) adsorption amount were also favorable for its performance. …”
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“…In contrast, 1 exhibits an irreversible oxidation process in hexafluorophosphate-based IL. The reaction rate constants for the interaction of 1(+) with the different IL anions were estimated by fitting the experimental data to digital simulations of the proposed mechanism. …”
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“…The observable reaction rate of heterogeneously catalyzed reactions is known to be limited either by the intrinsic kinetics of the catalytic transformation or by the rate of pore and/or film diffusion. …”
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“…The addition of GO had no significant impact on the type, quantity, or hydration reaction rate of the hydration products in these cement-based materials, and mainly improved the FC’s microstructural compactness through template action and crack resistance, thereby improving its performance.…”
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