“…Although kinetic studies revealed that the enzyme in free form had high affinity towards substrates (K (m) = 23.2 mM for pentanol and 76.92 mM for valeric acid) whereas, after immobilization, the K (m) values increased considerably (74.07 mM for pentanol and 83.3 mM for valeric acid) resulting in a slower reaction rate, the maximum conversion was much higher in case of immobilized enzyme (~99%) as compared to free enzyme (~19%). …”
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“…Kinetic studies were also performed to investigate the relative reaction rate between the probe and the thiolated amino acids. …”
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“…Using immobilized cellulase and ionic liquid in the hydrolysis of rice straw, the initial reaction rate was increased from 1.629 to 2.739 g h(−1) L(−1). …”
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“…Removal efficiency was decreased by increasing dosage and initial MNZ concentration. The reaction rate constant (k(obs)) was decreased from 0.0513 to 0.0072 min(−1) and the value of electrical energy per order (E(Eo)) was increased from 93.57 to 666.67 (kWh/m(3)) with increasing initial MNZ concentration from 40 to 120 mg/L, respectively. …”
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“…Both D(2)O and NaN(3) experiments proved that the indirect photolysis of LBDEs was primarily attributable to (1)O(2). The bimolecular reaction rate constants of (1)O(2) with BDE-47 and BDE-28 were 3.12 and 3.64 × 10(6) M(-1) s(-1), respectively. …”
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“…Citalopram and low-dose doxepin both showed good efficacy and a low adverse reaction rate in the treated patients. These data support a potential application of citalopram and low-dose doxepin in the treatment of patients with comorbid insomnia and anxiety disorders.…”
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“…For both esters, increase in microfluidic flow rate resulted in increased advective transport over molecular diffusion and reaction rate, thus lower conversion. In microfluidic synthesis using T. lanuginosus lipase, the following reaction conditions were 40 °C, flow rate 0.1 mL min(−1), and 123 U g(−1) enzyme loading found to be the optimum operating limits. …”
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“…We first establish highly diastereoselective cycloisomerizations using an achiral catalyst, and then explore phosphoramidite-complexed rhodium catalysts in the enantioselective variant, where theoretical investigations uncover an unexpected reaction pathway in which the electronic structure of the phosphoramidite dramatically influences reaction rate and enantioselectivity. A marked enhancement of both is observed using the optimal theory-designed ligand, which enables double stereodifferentiating cycloisomerizations in both matched and mismatched catalyst–substrate settings.…”
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“…The large surface-to-volume ratio of the droplet-based system, and the internal circulation induced inside the moving droplets, significantly enhanced the reaction rate of immiscible liquids used here – soybean oil and methanol. …”
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“…Decrease in the value of maximum reaction rate V(max) (P<0.05) without any change in the value of Michaelis-Menten constant K(m), indicative of a noncompetitive inhibition, was presented. …”
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“…The photocatalytic hydrogen production assessments reveal an initial reaction rate of 380 μmol h(−1) and a turnover number of 635 after 48 h. …”
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“…The thermodynamic data of transition state theory, such as the activation energy, were calculated by using quantum chemistry program. The reaction rate constant and the Wigner tunneling factor were predicted from the result of quantum chemistry. …”
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“…Because the release of arsenic by reduction of Fe-oxides is controlled by the reaction rate, arsenic entering the solution becomes highly diluted in the high water flux and contributes little to the groundwater arsenic concentration. …”
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“…There were five principal components including two intermediates in the process in the results. The reaction rate constants of DAT formation reaction were also obtained by HS-MCR. …”
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“…Here, we show that a recombinant version of AtXTH3, a thus far uncharacterized member of the Arabidopsis XTH family, catalysed the transglycosylation between cellulose and cello-oligosaccharide, between cellulose and xyloglucan-oligosaccharide, and between xyloglucan and xyloglucan-oligosaccharide, with the highest reaction rate observed for the latter reaction. In addition, this enzyme formed cellulose-like insoluble material from a soluble cello-oligosaccharide in the absence of additional substrates. …”
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“…Under laser irradiation (1450 nm, 500 mW), the cyclocondensation reaction rate increased 4.5–5.4 fold compared to that of the process at room temperature, in which the 1.6–1.8 fold enhancement was due to the localized heating effect. …”
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“…The experimental data both fitted well with the pseudo-second order kinetics. The reaction rate of Pb(2+) (k(2) = 4.442 for ChW and k(2) = 0.846 for PTW) was greater than that of Cu(2+) on both ChW and PTW, while the diffusion rate of intra-particles of PTW was much higher than ChW. …”
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“…Adsorbate vibrational excitations are an important fingerprint of molecule/surface interactions, affecting temperature contributions to the free energy and impacting reaction rate and equilibrium constants. Furthermore, vibrational spectra aid in identifying species and adsorption sites present in experimental studies. …”
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“…The photocatalytic degradation of cyanide was revealed by exposing it to NIR laser and comparing with the rate of UV, visible, and sunlight using their apparent reaction rate constants derived from the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model. …”
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“…Ternary complex, ping-pong bi-bi and complex ping-pong bi-bi models were proposed and compared in this study. The reaction rate constants were determined using non-linear regression and sum of square errors (SSE) were minimized. …”
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