“…Sn leaching kinetics based on the plate model demonstrated the reaction rate constant of the ultrasound-assisted leaching was 70% higher than that of the conventional leaching. …”
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“…Kinetic investigation increasing DIZ and MCPA concentration from 5 to 20 mgL(−1), k(obs) increase about from 0.151 to 0.234 for DIZ and from 0.231 to 0.589 min(−1). Also, reaction rate (r(obs)) increases about from 0.755 to 4.68 for DIZ and from 1.155 to 11.78 mg L(−1).min. …”
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“…Pixel-to-pixel variations in the temperature increase show a standard deviation of up to 1.5 K, which are attributed to local variations in the catalytic reaction rate. Mapping and understanding such temperature variations are crucial for the optimization of overall catalyst performance on the nano- and macroscopic scale.…”
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“…The modified electrode–electrolyte interface creates an optimal microenvironment for electrocatalysis—it engenders dipolar interaction with the reaction intermediate, giving a 2.2-fold higher reaction rate (from 0.13 to 0.28 mmol h(−1) cm(−2)); Moreover, it repels interfacial water and modulates the conformational specificity of reaction intermediate by facilitating intermolecular hydrogen bonding, affording 2.5-fold higher diastereomeric ratio of racemate to mesomer (from 0.73 to 1.82). …”
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“…The reaction kinetics are highly dependent on the nature of the distal residue, and replacement of the distal histidine His64(E7) can increase the reaction rate constants by several orders of magnitude. …”
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“…On the other hand, reducing the reaction rate can significantly delay the crystallization of materials and optimize the nucleation process.…”
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“…The results indicate that due to the fast diffusion rate of H(2), the reaction rate is greatly increased, which can quickly increase the metallization rate of dust removal ash to over 95 % and the dezincification rate also increases from 19.60 % to about 98.76 % with the increase of carbon content under low temperature (1000 °C) and low carbon content (10 wt %) conditions.…”
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“…Concentration profiles and diffusion coefficients of [W(n)O(3n)](−), reaction rate constants, number density of nuclei, and time dependencies of crystal size were calculated. …”
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“…The degradation efficacy of methylene blue (MB) aqueous solution attains 91% within a 60-min interval, with a calculated first-order reaction rate constant of 0.039 min(−1). Interestingly, the ZnTiO(3)/TiO(2) composite photocatalysts exhibit diminished photocatalytic activity in comparison to pristine TiO(2) across all three temperature variations. …”
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“…We show that retinol production is defined either by metapigment decay rate or RDH reaction rate, depending on cell type or outer segment region, whereas retinol removal is defined by the surface-to-volume ratio of the outer segment and the availability of retinoid binding protein (IRBP). …”
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“…We found that the siRNA-RISC complex formation reaction rate was 2 times slower when blunt-ended molecules were used pointing to the fact that the presence of the 2-nt overhangs has a greater effect on the reaction in which the bound RISC complex cleaves the mRNA.…”
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“…We find that there exist reaction rate constants leading to bistability in ∼90% of these GRN models, including several circuits that do not contain any of the TF cooperativity commonly associated with bistable systems, and the majority of which could only be identified as bistable through an original subnetwork-based analysis. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: The dynamics of biochemical reaction systems are constrained by the fundamental laws of thermodynamics, which impose well-defined relationships among the reaction rate constants characterizing these systems. …”
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“…In this study we examined the effects of intracellular crowding and an inhomogeneity on the behavior of in vivo reactions by calculating the spectral dimension (d(s)), which can be translated into the reaction rate function. We compared estimates of anomaly parameters obtained from fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) data with fractal dimensions derived from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image analysis. …”
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“…Experimental data confirmed that electronic perturbation of BARAC’s aryl rings has a modest effect on reaction rate, whereas steric hindrance in the transition state can significantly retard the reaction. …”
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“…We perform a bifurcation analysis of deterministic reaction rate equations derived from the model, and find that they cannot reproduce the whole range of qualitative responses to external signals demonstrated by direct stochastic simulations. …”
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“…A total of 37,896 donors were monitored for any AEs: 22587 (59.6%) were voluntary donors (VD) and 15,309 (40.4%) were replacement donors (RD). RESULTS: Overall reaction rate was 2.5% with vasovagal reactions constituting 63.5% and hematomas 35.0% of all reactions. …”
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“…The results indicated that in the UV/H(2)O(2) and US/H(2)O(2) systems, a sufficient amount of H(2)O(2) was necessary, but a very high H(2)O(2) concentration would inhibit the reaction rate. The optimum H(2)O(2) concentration was achieved in the range of 17 mmol/L at dye concentration of 30 mg/L. …”
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“…Ferrate has shown higher capability in the degradation of CIP than IBU; this is because CIP has electron-rich organic moieties (EOM) which can be readily degraded by ferrate oxidation and IBU has electron-withdrawing groups which has slow reaction rate with ferrate. Promising performance of ferrate in the treatment of real waste water effluent at both pH 6 and 8 and dose range of 1–5 mg Fe/L was observed. …”
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“…Under in vitro conditions, they exhibited reaction rate constants ranging from ∼1.7×10(−4) s(−1) to ∼3.8×10(−4) s(−1), which are comparable to or higher than those of previously reported atypical split inteins. …”
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