“…The list includes, but is not restricted to, analytical mechanics, physics, astronomy (celestial mechanics), geology (weather modeling), chemistry (reaction rates), biology, population modeling, economics (stock trends, interest rates and the market equilibrium price changes). …”
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“…We also calculated distribution of neutron flux and sup 3 He reaction rates at the location of PSPC by using continuous energy Monte Carlo code MCNP. …”
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“…Ideally, under carefully controlled conditions, microorganism inactivation rates simulate first-order chemical reaction rates, making it possible to predict the effectiveness of disinfection under specific conditions. …”
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“…Standard computational approaches handle this wide temporal range in terms of multiple states and related reaction rates emanating from the complexity of ionic channels. …”
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“…The results are explained by analogy with the thermal aggregate formation by taking reaction rates for unfolding and aggregation, as well as specific/non-specific salts effect into consideration.…”
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“…However, when the specific area (and volume of pores) increased, the hydrolytic activity and the retention of hydrolytic activity of the biocatalysts decreased, indicating the existence of diffusional limitations for some hydrolytic reactions, probably because of the high reaction rates.…”
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“…UTRC conducted basic research on the reaction rates of various volatile organic compounds (VOCs). …”
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“…These observations are important to take into consideration when comparing reaction rates under conventional and microwave heating.…”
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“…Due to their excellent specificities and high reaction rates, these conjugation methods have been utilized for the labeling of radioisotopes (e.g., radiohalogens, radiometals) to various target molecules. …”
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“…Based on this chemistry, we have now studied the impact of LNA (locked nucleic acids) nucleotides on the rates and the site-specificities of RNA cleaving conjugates. The highest reaction rates and the most precise cuts can be expected when the catalyst is attached to a strong 5’ closing base pair and when the oligonucleotide contains several LNA units that are equally distributed in the strand. …”
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“…The computational model consists of 202 ordinary differential equations for metabolites with 217 reaction rates and 1,140 kinetic parameter constants. …”
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“…Recent experiments claimed that the catalysis of reaction rates in numerous bond-dissociation reactions occurs via the decrease of activation barriers driven by non-equilibrium (“hot”) electrons in illuminated plasmonic metal nanoparticles. …”
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“…The expression accounts for how reactant concentration and compartment size together lead to accelerated reaction rates under micro-confinement. These rates do not depend solely on concentration, but rather the fraction of total molecules in the compartment that are at the interface. …”
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“…As evidenced in the literature, nanometal-based systems are among the most powerful catalysts for this transformation as their large surface area to volume ratio and reactive morphologies allow faster reaction rates under milder CO pressure even at very low catalyst loadings. …”
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“…Analysis of the positron lifetime spectra revealed a high sensitivity of the PALS technique to the different phases of photopolymerization associated with different reaction rates as well as to the evolution of microstructural free-volume shrinkage, which was described at the molecular level by the Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts equation. …”
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“…The cleavage of the substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-β-d-galactopyranoside (X-Gal) produces a deep blue dye, which was quantified in a microtiter plate reader at 595 nm. The maximum reaction rates and the Michaelis–Menten constant were calculated. …”
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“…CONCLUSIONS: By studying Cdc20 inhibition and the activation time, we obtain a range for the main chemical reaction rates regulating the spindle assembly checkpoint and transition to anaphase.…”
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“…The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions were performed with copper powder as a readily accessible Cu(I) source. Initially, high reaction rates were achieved under high-pressure/high-temperature conditions. …”
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“…We first benchmark our proposed stochastic method against solutions of partial differential equations in appropriate scenarios, and further demonstrate that moving boundaries can give rise to super-diffusive motion as well as time-inhomogeneous reaction rates. Finally, we conduct a numerical experiment representing photobleaching of diffusing fluorescent proteins in dividing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to demonstrate that moving boundaries might cause important effects neglected in previously published studies of cell compartmentalization.…”
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“…By taking the O+OH→H+O(2) reaction as an illustrative example, it is shown that inclusion of the geometric phase modifies ultracold reaction rates by nearly two orders of magnitude. Interesting experimental control possibilities include the application of external electric and magnetic fields that might be used to exploit the geometric phase effect reported here and experimentally switch on or off the reactivity.…”
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