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“…We argue that population attributable fractions, probabilities of causation, burdens of disease, and similar association-based measures often do not provide valid estimates or surrogates for the fraction or number of disease cases that would be prevented by eliminating or reducing an exposure because their calculations do not include crucial mechanistic information. We use a thought experiment with a cascade of dominos to illustrate the need for mechanistic information when answering questions about how changing exposures changes risk. …”
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“…Our study is an experimental realisation of Popper’s thought experiment on the validity of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. …”
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“…The aim of this paper is to show that scientific thought experiments and works of science fiction are highly suitable tools for facilitating and increasing understanding of science. …”
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“…Based on technologies conceivably within the grasp of modern neuroscience, we discuss a thought experiment in which neural activity, in the form of action potentials, is initially recorded from all the neurons in a participant’s brain during a conscious experience and then played back into the same neurons. …”
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“…At a fundamental level it is closely related to non-locality, quantum measurement, complementarity and decoherence, concepts that the founding fathers of quantum physics have analysed in various 'thought experiments'. At a more applied level, the engineering of entanglement in systems of increasing complexity could in principle open the way to various kinds of fascinating quantum information processing applications (quantum cryptography, teleportation, quantum computation). …”
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“…In a thought experiment, past progresses in sleeping pills safety are projected into the future. …”
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“…We connect this research with contemporary debates regarding the epistemological status of thought experiments by reconstructing Neurath’s utopias as linchpins of thought experiments. …”
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“…In a thought-provoking article – or how she herself named it, ‘a thought experiment’ – the philosopher-medical ethicist Anna Smajdor analyzed in this journal the idea of whole-body gestational donation (WBGD) in brain-dead female patients, as an alternative means of gestation for prospective women who cannot or prefer not to become pregnant themselves. …”
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“…The focus of the discussion we present is on a particular thought experiment originally presented by Sulmasy and Sugarman. …”
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“…Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) is a science policy concept that gained traction from 2000 onwards in the EU and US, in which alignment on purposes and values between different stakeholders is a key aspect. This thought experiment problematizes this particular notion: ethically acceptable and societally desirable outcomes are not necessarily achieved when alignment is a consequence of early closure. …”
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“…A prolog explaining the context of the thought experiment along with a coda with implications for the immediate future in the learning of mathematics is made. …”
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