“…During three farm trials in the United Kingdom (Easter Howgate Farm, Edinburgh, UK), 18 steers were monitored to provide raw acceleration measurements, with ground truth data provided by muzzle-mounted pressure sensor halters. …”
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“…Our DeepNavNet model significantly outperformed a baseline and achieved a mean 3D localization error of 0.79 ± 0.33 mm and 0.78 ± 0.33 mm between the ground truth and the detected AC and PC points, respectively. …”
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“…ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: A panel of three experts is a common technique for establishing reference standards when ground truth is not available for use in AI validation. …”
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“…Here, we investigate the error in the enthalpy of formation for 1676 gaseous species using two different DFT levels of theory and the ‘ground truth values’ obtained from the NIST database. We featurize molecules using graph theory. …”
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“…Additionally, DEDDIAG contains manual ground truth event annotations for 14 appliances, that provide precise start and stop timestamps. …”
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“…What's more, some environmentalists stress that sustainable agriculture should abandon modern agriculture's heavy reliance on science and industrialization, making the link between agricultural S&T and sustainable agriculture seem problematic. What is the truth? If S&T are to play an important role in advancing sustainable agriculture, what is the current status of the field? …”
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“…The length of the text had no limit from the user’s standpoint, and our approach attained a maximum accuracy of 93.02% and 90.53%, respectively, based on ground truth labeled by three experts. Finally, we proposed a complementary analysis, using computer graphic text representation based on word frequency, to help researchers identify relevant information about the opinions with an objective approach to sentiment. …”
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“…Finally, the average absolute difference between algorithm predicted RNFL thickness compared to the ground truth manual human segmentation was calculated. RESULTS: The proposed method achieves an average dice similarity coefficient of 0.929 in the SD-OCT segmentation task and an average absolute difference of 0.0009 mm in thickness estimation task on the basis of the testing dataset. …”
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“…All of the studies (N = 70) used one or more validation methods in which “ground truth” data were reported. Regarding the validation of wearable sensors, studies using machine learning have become more numerous since 2010, at 17% of included studies. …”
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“…The algorithm was developed and validated on a single cell and tested in six separate cells, each with 300 slices of 2000 × 2000 pixels. Ground truth was available for two of these cells, i.e., 600 hand-segmented slices. …”
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“…For one cell for which the ground truth was available, the algorithm provided excellent results in Accuracy (AC) and the Jaccard similarity Index (JI): nucleus: JI [Formula: see text] , AC [Formula: see text] , cell including nucleus JI [Formula: see text] , AC [Formula: see text] , cell excluding nucleus JI [Formula: see text] , AC [Formula: see text]. …”
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“…We have presented several forms of uGCA methods to investigate causal connectivities, and different forms of uGCA have their own characteristics, which capable of approaching the ground truth networks well in their suitable contexts. In this paper, we considered comparing these several forms of uGCA in detail, then recommend a relatively more robust uGCA method among them, uGCA-NML, to reply to more general scenarios. …”
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“…Third, the neutrosophic rule-based classification system is proposed to generate a set of rules based on the three neutrosophic values < T; I; F>, the degrees of truth, indeterminacy falsity. Fourth, a genetic algorithm is applied to select the optimal neutrosophic rules to improve the classification performance. …”
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“…The single centre point annotation for DCNet lowered burden for experts to generate ground truth data by 77.1% compared to bounding box labeling. …”
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“…In both applications, the trained YOLO + DeepSORT procedure performs with high accuracy on the real data from the fluid simulations, with low error levels in the inferred trajectories of the droplets and independently computed ground truth. Moreover, using commonly used desktop GPUs, the developed application is capable of analyzing data at speeds that exceed the typical image acquisition rates of digital cameras (30 fps), opening the interesting prospect of realizing a low-cost and practical tool to study systems with many moving objects, mostly but not exclusively, biological ones. …”
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“…When combined with an active learning loop, this approach bootstraps and improves NN potentials while decreasing the number of calls to the ground truth method. This efficiency is demonstrated on sampling of kinetic barriers, collective variables in molecules, and supramolecular chemistry in zeolite-molecule interactions, and can be extended to any NN potential architecture and materials system.…”
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“…On real data, we compare our method with other techniques in terms of accuracy of estimating the ground-truth fODF. The results show that our method is more accurate than other methods, and that it performs better than the competing methods when applied to under-sampled diffusion measurements. …”
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“…Manual segmentation of pancreatic tumors from B-mode images was performed as ground truth. Automatic segmentation was performed using U-Net with 100 epochs and was evaluated with 4-fold cross-validation. …”
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“…In this study, a three-dimensional-printed reference phantom was constructed to provide the ground truth of MEG sensor locations and orientations relative to MRI. …”
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“…This generated a uniform ratio that could provide a ground truth. We then analyzed actual protein activities reported by a single chain biosensor for the guanine exchange factor (GEF) Asef, and a dual chain biosensor for the GTPase Cdc42. …”
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