“…Benchmark studies aim to consolidate the space of available methods for a given task and often use simulated data that provide a ground truth for evaluations, thus demanding a high quality standard results credible and transferable to real data. …”
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“…A dataset was simulated to estimate the effect of CSF‐PVC with known ground‐truth parameters. Differences between the results of CSF‐PVC and non‐CSF‐PVC were estimated for regions of interest (ROIs) based on GM probability, and a separate ROI isolating the choroid plexus. …”
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“…In the evaluation of the estimation of the magnetic field inhomogeneity map, we used the normalized root‐mean‐squared error (NRMSE) between the estimated results and the ground truth. In the evaluation of the estimation of undistorted images, we used mutual information (MI) between the undistorted EPI image and the anatomical T(1)WI. …”
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“…Segmentation quality was validated by comparing the automated segmentation with the manually created ground truth segmentations, using Dice scores and the 95th percentile of the Hausdorff distances (HD95). …”
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“…The network was trained by minimizing the image similarity loss and the deformable vector field (DVF) regularization loss without the supervision of ground truth DVFs. During the inference stage, patches of local DVF were predicted by the trained LocalGAN and fused to form a whole-image DVF. …”
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“…For a hypothetical algorithm that is 100% accurate to the ground truth, the maximum accuracy modeled with a Cohen kappa of .8 ranged from .60 to .85 (F‐2). …”
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“…Overall quantification yielded measurements that were within ± 20% from ground truth, however SPION quantification values obtained at each laboratory were significantly different. …”
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“…Areas of improvement were identified in the reporting of data collection, data management, ground truth and validation of AI performance. CONCLUSION: AI may be a means of producing high-accuracy results for certain tasks in glioma MRI; however, there remain issues with reporting quality. …”
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“…Finally, the Transformer loss, the U-Net loss, and the fused loss are compared to the ground truth label for joint training. Experimental results show that our proposed method has an IOU of 81.3%, a Dice coefficient of 89.5%, and an Accuracy of 94.0%. …”
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“…The experiment provides important ground truth data for predicting future crop productivity. …”
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“…RESULTS: We carry out a series of in silico experiments here to show (1) McSNAC is capable of accurately estimating the ground-truth model in a scalable manner when given data originating from a first-order system; (2) McSNAC is capable of qualitatively predicting outcomes to perturbations of species abundances in simple second-order reaction models and in a complex in silico nonlinear signaling network in which some proteins are unmeasured. …”
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“…The contours of intact and fragmentary osteons were traced manually to provide ground truth. The Dice coefficients were 0.73 for intact osteons, 0.38 for fragmented osteons, and 0.81 for background, giving an average of 0.64. …”
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“…INTRODUCTION: MRI of excised hearts at ultra-high field strengths ([Formula: see text] ≥7 T) can provide high-resolution, high-fidelity ground truth data for biomedical studies, imaging science, and artificial intelligence. …”
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“…The trial plots were divided into four levels based on ground truth disease severities: class 0 (healthy, severity 0), class 1 (mildly diseased, severity 1–15), class 2 (moderately diseased, severity 16–34), and class 3 (severely diseased, highest severity observed). …”
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“…However, for some reason, an interviewee might attempt to deceive an interviewer or feel difficult to tell the truth. Although the ability of interviewers to detect deception among interviewees is significant for their company or organization, it still strongly depends on their individual experience and cannot be automated. …”
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“…In this paper, we examine several methods of acquiring Czech data for automated fact-checking, which is a task commonly modeled as a classification of textual claim veracity w.r.t. a corpus of trusted ground truths. We attempt to collect sets of data in form of a factual claim, evidence within the ground truth corpus, and its veracity label (supported, refuted or not enough info). …”
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“…Ground stations of the National Network for Continuous Air Quality Monitoring were used as a starting point and as ground truth data. Raw hourly data were matched to remote sensing data, and seasonal models were trained at the national and regional scale using machine learning. …”
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“…The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used as the ground truth to classify NSLBP patients. We extracted and selected features from the data and employed a support vector machine (SVM) model to classify NSLBP patients. …”
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“…Machine learning (ML) methods are computationally efficient but are limited by the available ground truth (GT) for effective and robust training, resulting in suboptimal results. …”
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“…We added feature information generated from the encoder of the segmentation network to the discriminator so that it could learn the similarities between the prediction label and ground truth label. The HRNet-based architecture was modified and used as the segmentation network. …”
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