“…The networks were trained and validated using a large-scale professional-level soccer video dataset, with labeled ground truth header events. The algorithm achieved 95.3% sensitivity and 96.0% precision in cross-validation, and 92.9% sensitivity and 21.1% precision in an independent test that included videos of five professional soccer games. …”
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“…RESULTS: Our tool produces realistic transcription data with a known ground truth network topology that can be used to benchmark different approaches for gene regulatory network inference. …”
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“…Treatment response was classified as pCR and non-pCR based on the pathological diagnosis after surgery as the ground truth. The hematoxylin & eosin (H&E)-stained biopsy slides were manually annotated and used to develop a deep pathological complete response (DeepPCR) prediction model by deep learning. …”
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“…RESULTS: Segmentation results of the multi-atlas-based method showed better consistency than the template-based method with the ground truth, yielding a dice coefficient of 0.81 over 0.73 on the full striatum. …”
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“…This is because the dominant class in ground truth images is the background. Therefore, a high value of pixel accuracy can be misleading in some computer vision applications. …”
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“…Next, two radiologists segmented and labeled MCs from a combined T(1)‐ and T(2)‐weighted assessment to serve as ground truth for training a second autoencoder that performs segmentation of MCs. …”
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“…The summary agreement between guesses and the truth was 0·21 (95% CI: 0·14 to 0·28) among patients and 0·17 (95% CI: 0·05 to 0·30) among assessors. …”
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“…Measurements were performed within a phantom mimicking the lower extremes of lung and tumor densities to validate AcurosXB as the approximate ground truth within these scenarios. RESULTS: The strongest predictors of a statistically significant reduction in tumor coverage were lung density ≤0.15 g/cm(3), tumor diameter ≤10 mm, tumor density equal to 0.30 g/cm(3), and a beam energy of 10 MV. …”
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“…METHODS AND MATERIALS: An improved level set–based active contour model (ACM) was implemented for the ACR process and was tested on the deep learning–based auto-segmentation of 80 abdominal MRI sets along with their ground truth contours. The performance of the ACR process was evaluated using 4 contour accuracy metrics: the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), mean distance to agreement (MDA), surface DSC, and added path length (APL) on the auto-segmented contours of the small bowel, large bowel, combined bowels, pancreas, duodenum, and stomach. …”
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“…To confirm the PET-positivity rate at a patient based level, follow up at 6 months following the first scan will be performed to a composite standard of truth. Secondary endpoints shall include an intra-individual comparison of radiopharmaceutical-kinetics, per-region detection rate and positive predictive value. …”
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“…MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Accuracy to correctly classify otoscopic images compared to otolaryngologists (ground truth). The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies Version 2 tool was used to assess the quality of methodology and risk of bias. …”
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“…Furthermore, most research is unimodal, does not use state-of-the-art AI techniques, and lacks reliable ground truth. Based on this, the future research agenda for clinically relevant, image-driven AI in PDAC is proposed.…”
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“…DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest that the causal determination for long-term [Formula: see text] exposure and mortality is unlikely to be undermined when using high-resolution ambient predictions given that the estimated effect is generally smaller than the truth. The small magnitude of bias suggests that epidemiological findings are relatively robust against the exposure error. …”
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“…The CT data of 20 patients were randomly selected as the ground truth (GT) masks, and the corresponding delineation results were generated by artificial intelligence (AI). …”
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“…Given that ground-based radar (GR) has better spatial and temporal resolution, the NEXRAD was used as ground-truth. The results revealed that the correlation coefficient between the data of both instruments during the analyzed extreme weather events was moderate to low; for normal precipitation events, the correlation is lower than that of studies that compared GPM and NEXRAD reflectivity located in other regions of the USA. …”
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“…Images were also manually graded by two independent graders as a ground truth for the supervised learning models. Because requirements for image quality may vary depending on the clinical or research setting, two models were trained—one to identify high-quality images and one to identify low-quality images. …”
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“…To generate the ground truth, we performed manual segmentation in all images. …”
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“…Neutrosophic sets (NSs), one of the fuzzy set extensions, have an ability to deliver more successful results for modeling uncertainty, since they contain the membership functions of truth, indeterminacy, and falsity definitions rather than an only membership function. …”
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“…Observers were provided with sets of images, delineation guidelines and patient synopsis. Simultaneous truth and performance level estimation (STAPLE) reference volumes were generated for each structure using all observer contours. …”
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“…This information is linked to the use of functional imaging, highlighting how imaging modalities can be considered “ground truth” for mental health/psychiatric dimensions, given the heterogeneity of clinical presentations, and the difficulty of determining what symptom corresponds to what disease. …”
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