“…The trained model's performance was evaluated using balanced accuracy, Cohen's κ coefficient, and F1 scores on an epoch-per-epoch basis and compared with the ground truth using the leave-one-out cross-validation scheme. …”
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“…In 397 multi-center MRI scan pairs acquired in routine practice, we demonstrate superior case-level sensitivity of a clinically integrated AI-based tool over standard radiology reports (93.3% vs 58.3%), relative to a consensus ground truth, with minimal loss of specificity. We also demonstrate equivalence of the AI-tool with a core clinical trial imaging lab for lesion activity and quantitative brain volumetric measures, including percentage brain volume loss (PBVC), an accepted biomarker of neurodegeneration in MS (mean PBVC −0.32% vs −0.36%, respectively), whereas even severe atrophy (>0.8% loss) was not appreciated in radiology reports. …”
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“…The Observa-derived data were used as the source of truth. The antibiogram prototype was presented to AST/IC members, microbiology laboratory leadership, and other stakeholders to assess functionality. …”
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“…Pathological results utilizing MRI-targeted biopsy specimens were considered the ground truth. Clinical (age, PSA, PSA density) and MRI parameters (prostate volume, mean apparent diffusion coefficient/ADC) were collected. …”
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“…In addition, the schematic diagram of the segmentation results shows that the segmentation results of our algorithm are closer to the ground truth, showing more brain tumour details, while the segmentation results of other algorithms are smoother. …”
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“…Here we use ECoG as ground truth for the extent of activity, as each electrode is thought to record from the cortical tissue directly underneath the contact, to estimate the spatial smoothness of the associated BOLD response at 3T fMRI. …”
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“…Subsequent to nuclear segmentation, we optimize algorithmic parameters for accurate classification of nuclear size using a newly derived reference size and final image classification based on a pathologists-derived ground truth. Our image classification module achieves a classification accuracy of up to 92% on canine lymphoma data. …”
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“…We proposed and evaluated an automatic pipeline to assess the quantitative accuracy of four MRI-derived PET AC methods using analytically simulated PET brain lesions and ROIs as ground truth for PET activity. METHODS: Our proposed pipeline, integrating a synthetic lesion insertion tool and the FreeSurfer neuroimaging framework, inserts simulated spherical and brain ROIs into PET projection space, reconstructing them via four PET MRAC techniques. …”
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“…Histology results from lymph nodes were used as the standard of truth of metastatic disease. The diagnostic values of (68)Ga-uPAR-PET/CT were compared to conventional routine preoperative imaging results (CT and/or MRI). …”
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“…Histopathology and FAP immunohistochemistry (IHC) of initial diagnostic biopsy and resected tumor samples will serve as the truth standards. Primary objective is to assess the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of [(68)Ga]FAPI-46 PET for detecting FAP-expressing CAFs. …”
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“…The visual comparisons between the model prediction and ground truth have demonstrated that the MobileNetV2 diagnostic models can identify very small cancerous nodes embedded in a large area of normal cells which is challenging for manual image analysis. …”
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“…To compare the setup accuracy of optical surface image (OSI) versus orthogonal x‐ray images (2DkV) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) as ground truth for radiotherapy of left breast cancer in deep‐inspiration breath‐hold (DIBH). …”
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“…In future, researchers of TCM RCTs should attach more importance to experimental design and methodological quality, receive relevant training, and improve reporting quality using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement, so as to improve the quality of TCM clinical research and ensure truth and reliability of conclusions.…”
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“…The method achieved a 97.7% overall recognition accuracy in recognizing a key class of marker cells, the body wall muscle (BWM) cells, on a dataset of 175 C.elegans image stacks containing 14 118 manually curated BWM cells providing the ‘ground-truth’ for accuracy. This result was achieved without any additional fiducial image features. …”
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“…The class labels are not being used in both analyses but used later as the ground truth in a classificatory problem for assessing the algorithm’s effectiveness in fuzzy gene clustering and discretization. …”
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“…By pooling the results of the published studies with a defined standard of truth, patient-based sensitivity to detect recurrent medullary thyroid cancer was 70 % [95 % confidence interval (CI) 62.1–77.6] for FDOPA vs 44 % (95 % CI 35–53.4) for FDG; patient-based sensitivity to detect phaeochromocytoma/paraganglioma was 94 % (95 % CI 91.4–97.1) for FDOPA vs 69 % (95 % CI 60.2–77.1) for (123)I-MIBG; and patient-based sensitivity to detect midgut NET was 89 % (95 % CI 80.3–95.3) for FDOPA vs 80 % (95 % CI 69.2–88.4) for somatostatin receptor scintigraphy with a larger gap in lesion-based sensitivity (97 vs 49 %). …”
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“…We observe that RefSeq Genes produces the most accurate fold-change measures with respect to a ground truth of RT-qPCR gene expression estimates. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the observed variations in the mapping, quantification, and differential expression calling stages, we demonstrate that the selection of human genome annotation results in different gene expression estimates. …”
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“…Due to data noise, what we observe from experiments may not indicate the underlying truth. Although these categories are not observed in practice, they can be considered in a mixture model framework. …”
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“…Despite already available digital methods, the pathologist’s visual score is still widely considered as ground truth and used as a primary method in histomorphometric evaluations. …”
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“…RESULTS: Following a Leave-One-Out Cross Validation (LOOCV) method for an MIP databse with available “ground truth” images, we demonstrate that our approach provides significant improvements in tree-structure segmentations over traditional intensity-based methods. …”
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