“…PET signal recovery values were calculated from phantom scans by comparing lesion activities after motion correction to static ground truth data. Differences in standardized uptake values (SUV) and metabolic volume (MV) between both reconstruction methods as well as between motion-corrected (MC) and non motion-corrected (NOMC) results were statistically analyzed using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. …”
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“…Meteorological data for Central Africa are notoriously sparse and incomplete and there are substantial issues with satellite-derived data because of persistent cloudiness and inability to ground-truth estimates. Long-term climate observations are urgently needed to verify regional climate and vegetation models, shed light on the mechanisms that drive climatic variability and assess the viability of evergreen forests under future climate scenarios. …”
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“…The predicted accuracy was evaluated in two aspects: (a) The dice similarity coefficients (DSCs) of different isodose volumes, the average dose difference of all voxels within the body, and 3%/5 mm global gamma passing rates of organs at risks (OARs) and planned target volume (PTV) were used to address the spatial correspondence between predicted and clinical delivered 3D dose distributions; (b) The dosimetric index (DI) including homogeneity index, conformity index, V(50), V(45) for PTV and OARs between predicted and clinical truth were statistically analyzed with the paired‐samples t test. …”
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“…The results showed that the accuracy of the transverse T1-weighted contrast-enhanced sequence reached 91.13%; the accuracy of the remaining models was significantly lower compared with the ground truth. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this retrospective study show that an artificial intelligence framework can achieve high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in automated differential diagnosis between cavernous hemangioma and schwannoma in a real-world setting, which can help doctors determine appropriate treatments.…”
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“…RESULTS: The method has been validated with ground truth probe pose data generated using the OptiTrack system. …”
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“…For the above three landmarks, the mean deviation between the predicted location of each landmark and corresponding ground truth is 2.38, 0.98 and 2.64 pixels respectively. …”
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“…To overcome the absence of real-life ground-truth placenta pose data, similar to other works in literature (Handa et al. in: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, 2016; Gaidon et al. in: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, 2016; Vercauteren et al. in: Proceedings of the IEEE, 2019) the network is trained with data generated in a simulated environment and an in-silico phantom model. …”
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“…Physicians annotated the lung field of each radiograph to establish the ground truth. A Total Variation-based Active Contour (TVAC) lung segmentation algorithm was developed and compared to multiple state-of-the-art methods including a deep learning model (U-Net), a random walker algorithm, and an active spline model, using the Sørensen–Dice coefficient to measure segmentation accuracy. …”
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“…In addition, we present several performance measures for evaluating the quality of a set of markers when there is no known ground truth. Using these metrics, we compare the performance of RankCorr to a variety of other marker selection methods on an assortment of experimental and synthetic data sets that range in size from several thousand to one million cells. …”
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“…A T1‐mapped 4D XCAT digital phantom was created, and seven volunteers and five lung cancer patients were scanned with two BH and one 3D cine series per subject to compare the 1‐step conventional and 2‐step hybrid DIR using: (a) the ground truth in the phantom, (b) highR‐BH references, which were used to simulate 3D cine images by down‐sampling and Rayleigh‐noise‐adding, and (c) cross‐verification between two TR‐4DMRI images reconstructed from two BHs. …”
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“…The automated labels were manually edited to generate ground truth segmentations. Network performance for our data and BRATS data was compared. …”
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“…Pathological results were used as the ground truth. The deep learning models were evaluated on the test group and compared with the prediction by mean ADC value. …”
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“…TSE images were used as ground truth images. In the test process, the trained convolutional neural network was applied to SSTSE images. …”
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“…The performance of these imputation tools are often evaluated, or fine-tuned, using various clustering criteria based on ground-truth cell subgroup labels. This limits their effectiveness in the cases where we lack cell subgroup knowledge. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: Assessments of source reconstruction procedures in electroencephalography and computations of transcranial electrical stimulation profiles require verification and validation with the help of ground truth configurations as implemented by physical head phantoms. …”
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“…The models were developed and validated using high-quality manual labels as ground truth. Next to precision and recall, the performance was assessed quantitatively by Dice coefficient (DSC); average Hausdorff distance (AVD); 95-percentile Hausdorff distance (95HD); and via visual qualitative rating. …”
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“…Five reference sample truth sets generated by Genome in a Bottle (GIAB) consortium, six samples from the Personal Genome Project (PGP) and several samples with validated clinically relevant variants from the Centers for Disease Control were used in this work. …”
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“…Qualitatively, 61% of segmentations were judged to be usable for analyses without adjustments in a cohort of 336 carotid bifurcations without ground-truth. Carotid artery geometry showed wide variation within the whole cohort, with CCA diameter 8.6 ± 1.1 mm, ICA 7.5 ± 1.4 mm, ECA 5.7 ± 1.0 mm and bifurcation angle 41 ± 21°. …”
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“…The proposed deep learning–based system has been trained and deployed on raw colonoscopies using Mayo Clinic Endoscopic Subscore ground truth provided only at the colon section level, without manually selecting frames driving the severity scoring of ulcerative colitis. …”
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“…The PH was measured and compared at four growth stages (GS) using ground-truth measurements (PHground) and UAV-based estimates (PHaerial). …”
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