“…Each event is represented as a list of non-zero ATLAS detector readouts, including the detector channel readout position, raw readout value, and some truth information. The truth information indicates if a channel is associated to an electron, jet, or neither. …”
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“…Currently, segmented images are often compared with ground-truth images at a pixel level; however, this standard pixel-level approach fails to compute errors due to pixels incorrectly assigned to adjacent objects. …”
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“…We propose the use of three metrics for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of inter-annotator agreement: 1) use of a common agreement heatmap and a ranking agreement heatmap; 2) use of the extended Cohen’s kappa and Fleiss’ kappa coefficients for a quantitative evaluation and interpretation of inter-annotator reliability; and 3) use of the Simultaneous Truth and Performance Level Estimation (STAPLE) algorithm, as a parallel step, to generate ground truth for training AI models and compute Intersection over Union (IoU), sensitivity, and specificity to assess the inter-annotator reliability and variability. …”
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“…Much research finds that lying takes longer than truth-telling. Yet, the source of this response time difference remains elusive. …”
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“…Current object detection models do not consider the aspect ratio of the ground-truth boxes in anchor assignment and are not well-adapted to objects with very different shapes. …”
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“…As the uptake time of the early image became closer to that of the ground-truth image, the translation performance improved. …”
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“…Such consensus can only be reached when experts with divergent opinions are willing to transcend their own convictions, understand that there is not one single truth, and thus are able to embrace a level of uncertainty.…”
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“…We show that this method yields good segmentation and correctly models ground truth kinematics composed of consecutive segments derived from wrist trajectories recorded from users of Israeli Sign Language (ISL). …”
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“…The database contains a set of retinal images, ground truth based on information from multiple experts, and a baseline algorithm for the detection of retinopathy lesions.…”
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“…The results on cancer datasets show that in sample clustering, GBHC on average produces a clustering partition that is more concordant with the ground truth than those obtained from other commonly used algorithms. …”
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“…The framework adopts the similarity and truth estimation for propagated segmentations (STEPS) algorithm, which utilises a locally normalised cross correlation similarity metric for atlas selection and an extended simultaneous truth and performance level estimation (STAPLE) framework for multi-label fusion. …”
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“…To address this challenge, we developed a model-based score, RSEM-EVAL, for evaluating assemblies when the ground truth is unknown. We show that RSEM-EVAL correctly reflects assembly accuracy, as measured by REF-EVAL, a refined set of ground-truth-based scores that we also developed. …”
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“…However, using available benchmark data sets an evaluation of illumination robustness is difficult or even not possible due to missing ground truth data about object margins and classes and missing information about the distortion. …”
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“…Eye-tracker manufacturers might also use ground truth information, but they do not provide this in public. …”
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“…The results showed that surface inclination and distance travelled measured by the IMU have close approximation to the results from ground truth; therefore, demonstrating the potential for IMU-derived metrics to characterise rollator movement and user's pushing style in the outdoor environment.…”
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