“…Typhimurium was exposed to active ingredients dicamba, 2,4-D and glyphosate to determine what ingredients of the commercial formulations caused this effect. …”
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“…Based on examinations of their holotypes, F. sambura Lehrer, 2008 syn. nov. is proposed as a junior synonym of F. albitarsis; F. kirinyaga Lehrer, 2007b syn. nov. is proposed as a junior synonym of F. inexpectata; and Fainia giriama Lehrer, 2007b is moved from the genus Fainia to the genus Rhinia Robineau-Desvoidy, as Rhinia giriama (Lehrer, 2007b) comb. nov.. …”
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“…It was also cross-resistant to dicamba, MCPA and picloram but not mecoprop. The level of resistance to dicamba was high (7-14-fold) but much lower (2-3-fold) for both MCPA and picloram. …”
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“…In 2019, JMPR evaluated 20 active substances regarding the setting of toxicological reference values to be used in consumer risk assessment (acetochlor, boscalid, chlorothalonil, cyprodinil, dicamba, mesotrione, metaflumizone, thiabendazole, afidopyropen, buprofezin, clethodim, dimethoate, metconazole, omethoate, pyflubumide, pyridate, pyrifluquinazon, tolclofos‐methyl, triflumuron, valifenalate) and 47 active substance regarding the setting of Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) (acetochlor, azoxystrobin, boscalid, chlorantraniliprole, chlorothalonil, cyantraniliprole, cyprodinil, dicamba, fenazaquin, flonicamid, flupyradifurone, fosetyl‐Al, glyphosate, mesotrione, metaflumizone, S‐methoprene, pendimethalin, spirotetramat, tebuconazole, thiabendazole, acetamiprid, afidopyropen, benzovindiflupyr, bifenthrin, buprofezin, carbendazim, clethodim, cyclaniliprole, cypermethrins, dimethoate, fluazifop‐p‐butyl, fluensulfone, kresoxim‐methyl, mandestrobin, metconazole, omethoate, penthiopyrad, picoxystrobin, pydiflumetofen, pyflubumide, pyrifluquinazon, pyriofenone, pyriproxyfen, tolclofos‐methyl, tolfenpyrad, triflumuron, valifenalate). …”
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“…Median lethal concentrations for A. salina were determined as follows: LC(50) (Roundup(®) Classic Pro) = 18 μg·L(−1), LC(50) (Kaput(®) Premium) = 19 μg·L(−1), LC(50) (Banvel(®) 480 S) = 2519 μg·L(−1), LC(50) (Lontrel 300) = 1796 μg·L(−1), LC(50) (Finalsan(®)) = 100 μg·L(−1), LC(50) (glyphosate) = 811 μg·L(−1), LC(50) (dicamba) = 3705 μg·L(−1), LC(50) (clopyralid) = 2800 μg·L(−1), LC(50) (nonanoic acid) = 7493 μg·L(−1). …”
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“…The highest morphogenic response of 90.2% with the production of more than 10 shoots per initial explant was observed when 3.0 mg/L Dicamba, 50.0 mg/L Daminozide and 0.25 mg/L TDZ were combined together. …”
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“…Limits of detection (LOD) were between 1 and 15 ng L(−1) and method detection limits (MDL) with strict criteria requiring <25% deviation of peak area from best-fit line for both SRM1 and SRM2 ranged from 5 to 10 ng L(−1) for acid ingredients (except dicamba at 30 ng L(−1)) and from 2 to 30 ng L(−1) for degradation products. …”
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“…Cotton MON 88701 was developed through Agrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated transformation to express the dicamba mono‐oxygenase (DMO) protein, conferring tolerance to dicamba, and the phosphinothricin N‐acetyltransferase PAT protein, conferring tolerance to glufosinate ammonium‐based herbicides. …”
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“…Oilseed rape MON 94100 was developed to confer tolerance to dicamba herbicide. The molecular characterisation data and bioinformatic analyses do not identify issues requiring food/feed safety assessment. …”
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“…Genetically modified maize MON 87419 was developed to confer tolerance to dicamba‐ and glufosinate‐based herbicides. These properties were achieved by introducing the dmo and pat expression cassettes. …”
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“…Widespread pesticide drift issues ensued from the advent of dicamba-tolerant crop systems in the late 2010s, resulting in millions of acres of damaged farmland. …”
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“…Weed treatment by a household member was associated with 1.9 (1.4, 2.6), 2.2 (1.6, 3.1), and 2.8 (2.1, 3.7) times higher dust concentrations of dicamba, mecoprop, and 2,4-D, respectively. Weed treatments by professional applicators were null/inversely associated with herbicide concentrations in dust. …”
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“…Among the PRE fb POST herbicide programs, 95–98% Palmer amaranth control was achieved with pyroxasulfone plus safluefenacil, or saflufenacil plus dimethenamid-P applied PRE, fb glyphosate plus topramezone plus dimethenamid-P plus atrazine, glyphosate plus diflufenzopyr plus dicamba plus pyroxasulfone, glyphosate plus diflufenzopyr plus pendimethalin, or glyphosate plus diflufenzopyr plus dicamba plus atrazine applied POST at 3 weeks after POST (WAPOST) through maize harvest. …”
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“…We investigated the developmental toxicity in mice of a common commercial formulation of herbicide containing a mixture of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), mecoprop, dicamba, and inactive ingredients. Pregnant mice were exposed to one of four different doses of the herbicide mixture diluted in their drinking water, either during preimplantation and organogenesis or only during organogenesis. …”
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“…In the present study, in vitro seed derived protocorm explants were cultured on half strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), Picloram and Dicamba individually and in combination with cytokinins BAP, TDZ and Kn for its effectiveness to induce the differentiation of somatic embryos. …”
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“…The designed HILs, obtained with high yields, consisted of cation 1-alkyl-1-methylpiperidinium with surface activity and a commercially available herbicidal anion: (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxy)benzoates (dicamba). The above-mentioned compounds were characterized in terms of surface activity and phytotoxicity. …”
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“…Transfer of auxinic herbicide resistance from B. kaber to the hybrids was assessed by whole-plant screening of hybrids with dicamba, a widely used auxinic herbicide. Furthermore, the hybrids were tested for fertility (both pollen and pistil) and their ability to produce backcross progeny. …”
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“…The novelty of this work is the inclusion of neutral and acidic herbicides such as 2,4-D, clethodim, dicamba, together with fungicides and insecticides which are usually included in Multi Residue Methods. …”
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“…Moreover, the reported cases of weeds resistant to different MOA across various parts of the United States has increased. The dicamba- (XtendFlex(®)) and 2,4-D-resistant (Enlist(®)) cotton traits (with stacks of glyphosate and glufosinate resistance) were introduced and have been highly adopted in the U.S. to manage HR weeds. …”
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“…Curtel y Ryvlin son de nacionalidad francesa y González de la Parra es mexicano, oriundo de Cotija, Michoacán, para ser más preciso, pero avencidado en Xalapa desde hace cuatro décadas y casi diríamos que xalapeño por adopción. Los tres, como se aprecia en el catálogo, excelentes y reconocidos fotógrafos.…”
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