“…Additionally, the outside and inside tube not only function as the permanent formwork in casting but improve the bending and shear resistance of composite columns. …”
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“…Seven different cross-sections of columns formwork were 3D printed using plastic. The cross-sections represented three types of columns’ shapes: most common, rare, and impossible to be realized using traditional formworks (based on fractals). …”
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“…Hybrid steel–concrete thin slabs in which the steel acts as formwork are also candidates for update in the coming years. …”
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“…The objective function was the total construction cost of the building, including the costs of concrete, reinforcement bars, labor, and formwork, while still fulfilling the constraints of the Egyptian code of practice (ECP-18). …”
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“…Concrete structures, however, are exposed to the environment once the formwork has been removed. The purpose of this study is to determine what effects early exposure to external sulfates may have on degradation mechanisms. …”
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“…The corrphycene mol­ecule of the title compound, [Cu(C(36)H(36)N(4)O(4))](0.034).0.966C(36)H(38)N(4)O(4), has an essentially planar macrocyclic framwork with a slightly distorted trapezoidal N(4) core; the r.m.s. deviation of the peripheral 20 C atoms and four N atoms is 0.054 (3) Å. …”
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“…An additional example of the use of the method in the geometric documentation of the concrete lining formwork is examined and comparisons against dimensional tolerances are examined. …”
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“…This is an amount of strength required for the safe removal of formwork, also known as stripping strength. It is certainly helpful to determine this strength non-destructively, i.e., without any invasive steps that would damage the structure. …”
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“…Two types of concrete were studied: a fresh molded one with a dry consistency and a formwork molded one with a plastic consistency. The following properties were characterized: mechanical properties (flexural, tensile splitting, and compressive strengths, as well as Young’s modulus) and durability properties (capillary water absorption, water penetration depth under pressure, resistance to carbonation, chloride migration, and concrete surface resistivity). …”
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“…Optimization was performed using an evolutionary algorithm to minimize the total construction cost, considering the costs of concrete, steel reinforcement, formwork, and labor. In the problem formulation, the characteristic compressive strength of concrete was treated as a design variable because it affects the mechanical performance of concrete. …”
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“…However, not many studies have evaluated the structural performance of free-form concrete structures using free-form formwork 3D printer (F3D) technology, a 3D printing technology. …”
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“…The timber boards were placed on top of the glulam members and used as the formwork for concrete slab casting. In addition, the flexural properties of composite beams were improved with the increase of the timber board thickness. …”
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“…The model was built on the basis of Hsp70 elements fromBos TaurusandCaenorhabditis elegans. Using the method of steered molecular dynamics, the key salt bridges responsible for the interdomain interactions were identified: Arg171: Glu516 and Arg416: Glu218. …”
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“…The stage, which in Poland is called as the early phase, actually corresponds only to the Fomborn/Ačkovy stage of LBK, and the earliest dating currently indicates around 5350 BC. …”
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“…Wooden partitions are extensively used as formwork for pouring concrete in wood–concrete composite beams, especially in the restoring of wood structures. …”
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“…Building on previous research, this paper deals with the conceptual design of three types of implants manufactured from different metals and with three different types of automated production technologies (water-jet cutting, metal casting with a 3D-printed plastic formwork and binder jetting of steel components). For this paper, tests were carried out to determine the load-bearing behaviour of beams with the three different types of support implants used for load introduction at the supports. …”
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“…During form-filling in L-shaped formworks, the flow velocity of concrete slows down, wherefore rheological parameters change with time. …”
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“…The systems that are used for 3D printing with the application of construction materials make it possible to form permanent formwork for strip foundations, construct load-bearing walls and partition walls, and prefabricate elements, such as stairs, lintels, and ceilings. 3D printing systems do not offer soil reinforcement by making piles. …”
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“…This prefabricated technology realizes a formwork-free construction and vertical support-free assembly of the top plate on site. …”
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“…Using recycled aggregates is a relatively recent scientific area, however, studies on this material in the manufacture of self-compacting concrete have proven the feasibility thereof for conventional structural elements as well as high-performance and complex structural elements, densely reinforced structures, difficult-to-access formwork and difficult-to-vibrate elements. This paper presents an original study on the use of coarse recycled concrete aggregate (CRA) to obtain self-compacting concrete. …”
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