“…Ancient charcoal fragments, produced by the use of wood as fuel in archaeological contexts or during natural or anthropic forest fires, persist in soil and sediments over centuries to millennia. …”
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“…By design, these vacancy-rich particles efficiently absorb visible light to allow carefully-controlled light-induced conversion to the anatase or rutile crystalline phases. FTIR and micro-Raman spectroscopy reveal the formation of oxygen vacancies during conversion and explain this unique laser-assisted crystallization mechanism. …”
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“…The solid-liquid phase transition temperatures in CNTs are shown to be substantially higher than 273 K, confirming recent Raman spectroscopy measurements. We observe ultrafast proton and hydroxyl transport in quasi-1D and -2D ice at 300 K, exceeding those of bulk water up to a factor of five, thereby providing possible applications to fuel-cells and electrolyzers.…”
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“…Systematic DTA, XRD, optical, Raman and SEM/EDS studies were carried out to investigate the influence of the syntheses processes and allowed us to determine conditions under which the particular phases appear and remain stable down to room temperature.…”
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“…Through a combination of ex situ and in situ characterization techniques, the in situ activation and reaction mechanism of the electrocatalyst at work was elucidated. In situ Raman spectroscopy measurements revealed that the binding energy of the crucial adsorbed *CO intermediate was lowered through Sn doping, thereby favoring gaseous CO desorption. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: Diminishing supplies of fossil fuels and oil spills are rousing to explore the alternative sources of energy that can be produced from non-food/feed-based substrates. …”
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“…XRD analysis confirmed the presence of both cubic NiFe(2)O(4) spinel and tetragonal TiO(2) rutile phases, while Raman spectroscopy analysis displays both D and G bands (I(D)/I(G) = 1.04) associated with rGO. …”
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“…X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy revealed that the NCBMs contained graphene oxide (GO) and amorphous carbon (AC) when the oxygen flow rate was lower than 1.0 LPM. …”
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“…Therefore, the present work will be proficient to get a light-assisted sustainable approach for developing the methanol oxidation reaction activity of Pt NP-containing catalysts in direct methanol fuel cells.…”
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“…The hydrothermally treated samples afforded the same current density at a lower potential of 1.60 V(RHE) and a Tafel slope of 75 mV dec(–1), suggesting that the higher OER activity is due to γ-MnOOH formation. …”
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“…The interest of biotechnologists is closely linked to the rising prices of fossil fuels in recent years. Their negative environmental impact is caused by significantly increased demand for biodiesel. …”
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“…In sharp contrast, the formation of such Co(III/IV)–O–Fe(III/IV) moieties in Co–FeOOH is hindered under the same conditions, which outlines the key advantages of phosphide-based electrocatalysts. …”
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“…All the prepared samples were characterized by means of TGA, ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, temperature-dependent XRD, SEM and EDX, which pointed out morphological and microstructural changes resulting from the functionalization stage, confirming its effectiveness. …”
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“…The obtained results are examined by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. …”
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“…The use of hydrogen as an alternative fuel is an attractive and promising technology as it contributes to the reduction of environmentally harmful gases. …”
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“…The number of MoS(2) layers formed on the Ti(3)C(2)T(x) support was calculated using Raman spectroscopy. The heterostructured few-layered MoS(2)/Ti(3)C(2)T(x) catalysts were applied in sulfur removal efficiency experiments involving thiophene. …”
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“…The former Krunkelbach U mine with 1–2 km surrounding area represents a unique natural analogue site with the rich accumulation of secondary U minerals suitable for radionuclide migration studies from a spent nuclear fuel (SNF) repository. Based on a micro-technique analysis using several synchrotron-based techniques such as X-ray fluorescence analysis, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and laboratory-based scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, the complex mineral assemblage was identified. …”
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“…Graphitic carbon is an interesting material with a wide range of applications in electronics, energy storage, fuel cells, and even as advanced fillers for polymer composites. …”
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“…The development of reliable production routes for sustainable hydrogen (H(2)), which is an essential feedstock for industrial processes and energy carrier for fuel cells, is needed. It appears to be an unavoidable alternative to significantly reduce the dependence on conventional energy sources based on fossil fuels without increasing the atmospheric CO(2) levels. …”
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“…Raman spectra were employed to study the GO, rGO bands and formation of Mn(3)O(4)@rGO nanocomposite. …”
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