“…Children in households with financial hardship were about twice as likely to report dental caries (AOR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.50, 2.29) and have fair/poor teeth (AOR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.40, 2.51) and bleeding gums (AOR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.48, 3.86). …”
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“…In a multivariable model that included all variables above and adjusted for age and sex, indicators of financial resources and social environment remained associated with deficient housing (including financial hardship, adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10,1.98; and living with non-spousal others versus alone, aOR=1.48; 95% CI:1.09, 2.03), whereas indicators of functional abilities did not. …”
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“…FSW who reported financial hardship were more likely to experience sexual violence (OR = 1.9; 95% CI:1.1–3.6) and physical violence (OR = 1.9; 95% CI:1.1–3.6), as well as to report past 30-day inconsistent condom use (OR = 2.4; 95%CI: 1.3–4.6) and to test positive for an STI (OR = 1.9; 95% CI:1.1–3.4). …”
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“…A total of six childhood adversity indicators included grade retention, parental substance abuse, physical abuse, trouble with the police, moving due to financial hardship, and receipt of help due to financial hardship in early life. …”
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“…These data also collect information on several measures of hardship and why individuals did not receive any of the 3 programs. …”
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“…Medicare has achieved its two basic goals of ensuring access to care for elderly and disabled beneficiaries and protecting them from severe financial hardship. The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 represents an important improvement by adding prescription drug coverage. …”
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“…COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has rapidly spread throughout the globe, leaving death, sorrow, and economic hardship in its wake. Medical professionals and scientists the world over are trying to use their expertise to help monitor, make sense of, diagnose, prevent, and treat this infection.…”
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“…Just as allergies can have a negative impact on quality of life, inappropriate food allergy labelling can cause unnecessary distress and hardship for patients. Understanding the diagnostic approaches to adverse food reactions, alongside an appreciation of multidisciplinary collaboration, can assist the clinician in making appropriate decisions in the management of these patients.…”
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“…This textbook discusses central statistical concepts and their use in business and economics. To endure the hardship of abstract statistical thinking, business and economics students need to see interesting applications at an early stage. …”
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“…These skin-related NTDs or ‘skin NTDs’ cause significant morbidity and economic hardship in some of the poorest communities worldwide. …”
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“…In particular, the impact on adolescents was likely significant due to vulnerability factors linked to this developmental stage and pre-existing conditions of hardship. The present work aimed at grasping the particular effects of the pandemic on social and cultural aspects of adolescence, providing a cross-sectional picture of this historical moment of contemporary youth culture. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: Cancer-related financial hardship is associated with negative clinical outcomes, which may be partially explained by cost-related delayed or forgone care in response to financial barriers. …”
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“…Assessments of transportation, housing, and material hardship were added to the CARE tool in 8/2020. The 44‐item CARE Frailty Index was used to define frailty, and subdomains of physical and mental HRQoL were assessed using the PROMIS® 10‐global. …”
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“…Households can experience financial hardship when the burden of such out-of-pocket payments is significant. …”
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“…Some made attempts to find ways out of hardship, whereas others struggled mainly to achieve a sense of mastering life. …”
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“…RESULTS: MDR-TB treatment caused extreme social, financial and employment hardship. Most patients had to move house and leave their job, and reported major stigmatisation. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: With an increasing burden of non-communicable disease in Nepal and limited progress towards universal health coverage, country- and disease-specific estimates of financial hardship related to healthcare costs need to be evaluated to protect the population effectively from healthcare-related financial burden. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: Treatment of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) is costly and could expose households to financial hardship and vulnerability. This paper examines the association between medication costs of two major NCDs – hypertension (blood pressure) and diabetes, and household-level incidences of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) in a South Asian LMIC, Pakistan. …”
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“…In a context of chronic insufficient funding, misaligned incentives, and overly rigid service procurement processes, hospitals seem to struggle to adjust service baskets to the population’s health needs or to overcoming financial hardship. External challenges, combined with the limited strategic, operational, and financial management capacity within hospitals, make it difficult to exhibit good financial and general performance. …”
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“…The survey consisted of items on disruption of employment status, financial hardship, food insecurity, perceived health status and sociodemographics. …”
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